[50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. [10] See, for example, Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of the Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Vol. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. In that speech, often considered the greatest of all abolitionist speeches, he excoriated Americas injustices no less vigorously than he ever had, but he took great care to distinguish Americas practice from its first principles and the actions of its subsequent generations from those of its Founders. There he worked proudly as a day laborer and refined his oratorical powers, both as a lay preacher in New Bedfords African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and as a participant in the meetings of local black abolitionists. Latest answer posted July 17, 2016 at 4:13:08 PM. Throughout his postwar career, he remained acutely aware of the depth of the injuries inflicted by slavery and of the persisting power of racial prejudice, and he was carefully attentive to the claims of corrective justice. Argumentative Writing Overview & Facts | How to Write A Claim & Counterclaim, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Commas, Concluding Statements: Supporting Your Argument, How to Establish and Maintain a Formal Writing Style, How to Analyze an Argument's Effectiveness & Validity, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Verb Tense and Subject-Verb Agreement, Writing for An Audience: How to Structure Your Argument, How to Structure an Argument in Your Essay, Providing Effective Feedback on Writing Samples, Claim Statements in Arguments | Strong & Weak Reasons, Evidence, & Examples, How to Add, Subtract and Multiply Complex Numbers, Supporting Claims with Evidence & Reasoning | How to Write a Claim Statement, Citing Textual Evidence to Support Analysis, The Importance of Using Precise Language in Writing. In response, however, influential scholars and activists have embraced a radical critique of America that is much more likely to worsen those problems than it is to resolve them. The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. In this respect, what is notable in Douglasss advocacy of education reforms is that whereas he justified them primarily as the payment of a debt due specifically to those formerly enslaved and their relationsspecifically to black Americanshe proposed the payment of that debt by a policy framed in nonracial terms, designed to benefit Americans irrespective of race. While this quote is from a credible source (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics), it merely restates the claim and reasoning, rather than providing actual evidence to support it. Latest answer posted August 20, 2009 at 11:51:14 PM. Here again, two points are especially salient. In all such policies, Douglass protested, there is clearly seen the purpose to crush our spirits, to cripple our enterprise and doom us to a condition of destitution and degradation.[44]. So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. Various options can be effective: 1. Latest answer posted September 30, 2016 at 3:50:30 PM. Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. I hope you win your next argument! I have no country. He could feel no attachment to America, he explained, for reasons that ran deeper than the countrys unjust practices. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. Because of Douglasss quest for freedom, his daring attitude, and determination to learn, he shows us the way through American Slavery in his eyes. appalachian school of law shooting victims; private members' clubs london mayfair. We are able to explore new ideas and concepts, which leads to more knowledge. Neither do we address you as enemies, (although the recipients of innumerable wrongs); but in the spirit of patriotic good will. V, pp. 59 lessons. This provides more room to address the counterclaim and apply a rebuttal of the counterclaim. He never had a pair of shoes, no matter how cold it got ,and had only a single thin shift to wear, summer and winter. Formulated more precisely, his demand Let [the Negro] alone meant Give him fair play and let him alone, but be sure you give him fair play.[34] In its most general meaning, fair play or justice to black Americans was to be determined by a principle of non-exceptionalism. IV, p. 514. There are three parts of the structure of an argumentative essay: introduction, body, and conclusion. -he wishes he could present a speech that was positive for the people. -it allows the student to prove his/her point even further by refuting a misconception. When he spoke those words he was less than 10 years removed from the depredations of slavery, and the position he took in that 1847 speech reiterates the signature doctrine of his early Garrisonian mentors, for whom condemnation of the Constitution as a villainous compromise with slavery represented an article of abolitionist faith. She has an M.A. Seeking such a consummation, Douglass hurled himself into political activism throughout the 1850s. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. IV, p. 459. [11] Douglass, Speech at the American Anti-Slavery Society, May 11, 1847, in The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, Vol. Kimberly has taught Reading/Language Arts to intermediate and middle school students and holds a Master's Degree. In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. [62] Abraham Lincoln, Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1862, in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, ed. Of the Blair bill, he insisted that the Negro needs it, the illiterate white needs it and the nation needs it.[56] Arguing in 1872 against racial segregation in public schools, Douglass described his purpose as patriotic as well as beneficent, on the premise that the public schools should function as a common platform of nationality.[57] Any measure that authorizes or deepens ones self-identification in predominantly racial terms is to be opposed, he maintained, insisting that race is a morally arbitrary quality. How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. That the salvation of the nation lay in its rededication to them. Why is Douglass surprised by New Bedford in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. Additionally, the conclusion of an argumentative essay should look to the future. His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. -reinforces the idea of the great principles of political freedom and natural justice, Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument, -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. Writing before slaves were freed in the United States, Douglass' main objective in the Narrative is to dispel any notion that slavery is good for those enslaved. I teach a seventh grade ELA class and weve just finished reading Walk Two Moonsby Sharon Creech. Why, or why not? Argumentative essays have a basic structure that allows some room for the author's discretion. Finally, answer the question at the bottom of the page. [43] Douglass, Property in Soil and Property in Man, November 18, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. By learning to read and write, Douglass eventually came to the conclusion that he was not living the life he wanted and longed to get away. In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his position? Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. Douglasss great cause was integration, and his great theme was hopefulnessrationally grounded hopefulnessin Americas capacity to secure justice for all, irrespective of race, color, sex, or creed. For example, This view ignores the conclusive evidence that This position is mistaken because, 3. He understands that education is his only way out of slavery. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. Open Document. After your mom's counterclaim, she'll probably ask, 'Why is it that you think you need a new cell phone? Let us consider first the difficulties. Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. IV, p. 68 (emphasis in original). Counterclaim - a claim for relief made in opposition to, or to offset another person's claim. Abstract: Nearly 50 years after Martin Luther King delivered his memorable I have a dream speech, there is a growing consensus that the civil rights movement, despite some important victories, has been a failure. [27] Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of The Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in Douglass Papers, Vol. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? It was doubtful liberty at most, and almost certain death is we failed. [51] Frederick Douglass was one of the most commonly known slaves to have existed. All of the violence and the degradation was intended, Douglass makes clear, to rob African-Americans of their humanity. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. [32] Douglasss response was disarmingly blunt. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. She has something to say against your claim that you need a new cell phone, and it goes something like, 'No, you don't.'. Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. Douglass has been taught a few reading lessons form his mistress. [48] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. What did Frederick Douglass oppose? Although Frederick Douglass believes that the only way to freedom for him and his fellow slaves, is through learning how to build on. Dont pick a straw man. In other words, dont pick a weak opposing argument that is too easy to refute. The United States should ban capital punishment. Facebook Instagram. A claim of cause and effect is a claim that one thing influences or affects another. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. The claim is the author's argument that they are attempting to prove in the essay. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Your doing with us has already played the mischief with us. Wiki User. Fortunately, his master never treated him unkindly, until he was sent to be with a master that was the extreme opposite. Finally, in the introduction is the thesis (claim). Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. but his relative moderation in this proposal is certainly in keeping with his classical-liberal respect for property rights, along with his longtime concern to sustain and strengthen a spirit of virtuous self-reliance among black Americans. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? This is her first step from being a kind-hearted woman with generous tendencies to harnessing her natural instincts and instead becoming cruel. H e engages in a fight with his master. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Latest answer posted August 21, 2018 at 9:25:03 PM. Introduction--The introduction of a five-paragraph essay is one paragraph. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. What would you ask them to do? This technique helps to make the argument more effective by strengthening the claim being made. The three other claims are up for debate and need to be supported by a lot more reasoning and evidence in order to persuade an audience to believe the argument. The signers of the Declaration of Independence, Douglass told his audience that day, were brave men. Taking the policy claim from earlier, if an author is arguing that the United States should ban capital punishment, their reasons would be the reasons why they believe this is the case. 217, 219. Passage of the bill would signify, he contended, at least a recognition of a great national duty towards a people to whom an immeasurable debt is due. Less than 20 inmates were executed in the United States in 2020. It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. The first step in her transition from kindness to cruelty is when she is instructed to cease teaching Frederick Douglass to read. The overall claim for an essay is also known as the thesis and can be found in the introduction of the essay. Working with the above claim and reasoning (the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison), below is an example of strong evidence and weak evidence to support the claim and reason. Douglass debunks the mythology of slavery in his narrative by rebuking the romantic image of slavery with very disturbing imagery, promotes his own views on the intellectual belief of slaves, and exposes the system for promoting the disloyalty among slaves. The reasoning is about the cost of the death penalty, while the evidence is about racial disparities in the implementation of the death penalty. [57] Douglass, Schools Are a Common Platform of Nationality, May 9, 1872, in Douglass Papers, Vol. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. Speaking in 1993 to a black congregation at the Memphis church where King had delivered the final sermon of his life, President Bill Clinton lamented that King did not live and die to see the American family destroyed or for the freedom of people to kill each other with reckless abandon.[3]. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. Shubhra Mohanty June 09, 2022 These were indeed terrible enough; but deeper down, and more terrible still, were the mental and moral wrongs that slavery inflicted. After the hook, there is a transition statement (or statements) that connects the hook to the author's thesis. [60] Douglass, This Decision Has Humbled the Nation, in Douglass Papers, Vol. He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. Slaverys primary victims, mostly knowing nothing of the Declaration itself, would corroborate its truth by their various acts of resistance, displaying their natural love of liberty and their moral humanity as rights-possessors. Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era.
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