On the date of publication, Josh Enomoto did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. REFER AN OUTSTANDING ENGINEER AND RECEIVE $5,000. We are undertaking this capital raise to fund R&D and other initiatives not funded by our current DoD contracts, such as Hydrogen as a future fuel for commercial applications and the expansion of our engineering, test cell, and machine shop facilities. One of the key factors to improve the efficiency of CAES is the efficient thermal management to achieve near isothermal air compression/expansion processes. LiquidPiston is a company that develops combustion engines. Your submission has been received! Also, it offers the possibility of a higher range and lower emissions. This allows significant reduction in oil consumption over a regular rotary motor. When used for regeneration, the captured energy can be stored in thermal batteries, such as a molten salt. These engines are not Wankel engines; they are uniquely configured to adopt the companys patented thermodynamic cycle and its associated efficiency and low-noise benefits. LiquidPiston announced today the adaptation of its X-Engine technology for the United States Air Force to use in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) as well as "orbs" - urban air mobility (UAM . Thus, it isnt easy to see how they will expand to the level of a return. InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips. Ideal partners are current engine developers and manufacturers that are looking to expand their product lines.While we appreciate all of the interest we have received from folks that volunteer to test engine prototypes in various applications, we are not currently looking for help in this area. One of the key features of our Hybrid Electric X-Engine propulsion system powering drones is the ability to turn the engine on and off mid-flight while leveraging an electric motor for quiet cruise or electric-assist sprint and climb modes. A traditional compressor uses an electric motor to rotate a crankshaft, which is tied to several metal pistons that pump to compress gas. Their recent audit in 2022 revealed $3.5 million in revenue and a $63,000 loss. But with equity crowdfunding offers, the dangers to your capital are much more intense due to the unproven nature of startups. The 30 kW size may be of significant interest in the automotive application as a range extender for Electric Vehicles. The engine utilizes liquid pistons and displacers to harness useful work from heat absorption and rejection. However, what many investors may not realize is that the underlying company supports EV progression rather than competing against it. The optimized thermodynamic cycle has the potential to decrease fuel consumption by 30%, thereby lowering CO2 emissions and the cost of running an engine. And the improvement in this ready-made platform is what drives the narrative for LiquidPiston stock. Methods for scaling include: 1) changing the diameter of the rotor; 2) changing the width of the rotor; or 3) adding more rotors. Visit our investor page to learn more. Compact Lightweight Generator to support Rapid Deployment of F-15. The ability to optimize the engine for different fuels is one of the main reasons why LiquidPiston has gained so much traction within the industry. The X-Engine is spartan and quieter since it only has two main moving elements. After several successful fundraisers, including earning over $17 million on StartEngine, Liquid Piston has reportedly become a favorite among crowd funders. The intake and exhaust ports and chambers . This is based on the advanced rotary platform architecture and unique High-Efficiency Hybrid Cycle (HEHC) thermodynamic cycle. The design is theoretically capable of 75 percent thermal efficiency, but the group is targeting 57 percent in real world applications, still a huge jump. High-efficiency heat-driven acoustic . The liquid piston internal combustion engine of the invention utilizes a novel, synergetic combination of internal combustion and steam piston engines within the framework of one and the same system. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. We are monitoring closely to observe progress and consider further potential investment as we got involved during a prior raise. This technology-related article is a stub. Demand for electric vehicles is off the charts, with an expected growth of 380% more EVs on the road by 2030. It is compared to $2.6 million in revenue and a $1.8 million loss in 2021. LiquidPiston is presently developing its 5th generation engine architecture, with prototype development of the X-Engine and application demonstrators, largely funded by DoD contracts. Thus, even with Teslas improvements, its cars are still priced out of the masses reach. Apply These 4 Mindset Shifts Instead of Charging Less. Oops! LPI engines allow more range for an electric vehicle by combining a smaller, lighter, more cost-effective battery, with the ease of rapid refueling for longer journeys when required. LiquidPistons HEHC is a patented thermodynamic cycle that combines the advantages of Diesel, Otto and Atkinson thermodynamic cycles, resulting in up to 30% improved efficiency. DARPA has awarded LiquidPiston Inc. $2.5 million to continue development of a new, patented, high-efficiency, lighter-weight rotary engine. Our engines have been demonstrated on a variety of fuels, including diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, and recently even hydrogen. The platform architecture is scalable. LiquidPiston provides innovative ICE technology. This change means the air-fuel mixture auto-ignites like a diesel, and can be burned much longer than normal. Investments in LiquidPiston will support the companys continued expansion and the creation of cutting-edge power solutions. Other enhancements include direct injection, a high compression ratio at 18:1, and a dramatic change to the geometry of the combustion chamber, which maintains a constant volume during ignition. Liquid Piston with Spray Cooling Near Isothermal Compressor October 7, 2021. The direct-interfacing of the apex and face seals eliminates the need for corner seals of the typical Wankel engine, significantly reducing rotary engine blowby. 1.4 Liquid Piston Engines: A Historical Overview Internal-combustion liquid pistons have been built and sold since the early 1900's . Today, they not only have an opportunity to invest in a startup, but one preparing to shake up a $400B global industry. Hence, despite increasing losses, they increased their valuation to $184 million, more than doubling it. Hence, despite increasing losses, they increased their valuation to $184 million, more than doubling it. For comparison a four-stroke piston engine delivers one power pulse for two rotations of the output shaft. This is something that dozens of founders do when they applaud themselves for turning millions of dollars in investment capital into a few thousand dollars in revenue. Diesel cycle): For maximum efficiency, air is compressed to a high compression ratio, fuel is injected and compression is ignited (CI-HEHC). More importantly, LiquidPiston stock faces broader competitive threats from established players. Over the upcoming months, they will make more public product-related announcements. It's the fruit of a dozen-odd years of work by LiquidPiston, a startup co-founded by Alec Shkolnik . Demonstration of Hybrid Electric X-Engine using jet fuel in 55lb UAV for the Army which led to multiple contract awards. These Sisters Quit Their Jobs Mid-Pandemic to Risk It All for Their Brand. But you may want to hear out this compelling equity crowdfunding opportunity first. Alec Shkolnik and his team at LiquidPiston are giving Entrepreneur readers the exclusive opportunity to get in on the ground floor as investors in the next major inflection point for engine technology. Their 79 awarded and pending patents will be added to their present Their 79 awarded and pending patents will be added to their current portfolio. A new study broke down the best and worst places in the world for work-life balance and this Asian city came in last. Fuel is directly injected being allowed to combust fully under constant volume conditions, which is how Otto cycle combustion is modelled. LiquidPistons engine technology can scale much like a piston engine, to serve applications down to 1HP, and to over 1,000 HP. The company also plans to enter industrial and commercial, marine, UAV, urban mobility, and automotive markets. The paper will also provide an overview of a second smaller X engine, the X Mini Diesel (XMD), a small (70cc) spark-ignited (SI) multi-fueled engine that is heavy fuel compatible. Ratcheting down prices to get more sales can often do more harm than good: Try these approaches instead. If the color of the paint matters this much, imagine how important the weight of the engine is. Thats creating a problem. Entrepreneur and its related marks are registered trademarks of Entrepreneur Media Inc. Meet the company disrupting the $400B mobile power industry. Something went wrong while submitting the form. National attention and fascination with their technology, in addition to their potential to disrupt military and consumer engines, adds wind to the sails. Its even though everyone ages away from an exit. It is compared to $2.6 million in revenue and a $1.8 million loss in 2021. J . LiquidPiston's 70-cubic-centimeter engine, the X Mini, produces about 3.5 horsepower at 10,000 RPM; at 4 pounds, it's also about 30 percent smaller than the four-stroke, 50-cubic-centimeter piston ICEs it aims to replace. Over the past several years, he has delivered unique, critical insights for the investment markets, as well as various other industries including legal, construction management, and healthcare. LPI has developed two core technologies, a patented thermodynamic cycle and our patented X-Engine. This unlocks a 100% green energy solution for the combustion engine market. An . The patented high-efficiency cycle is the biggest leap forward in combustion engine technology over the last 85 years, and holds great promise as the preferred future propulsion solution for both military and heavy commercial drones. Insiders observed the businesss status and believed they deserved yet another $7.5 million payoff. Answer (1 of 2): Liquid Piston's X Engine is a non-Wankel rotary engine that is a further enhancement to a High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle (HEHC). We can combine up to three rotors and we can scale the rotors to larger size. By We have a peanut-shaped (trochoidal) rotor within a tri-lobed-shaped housing. However, in the past, dry air has been assumed in the design and analysis of the compression/expansion process. This includes ones used in small drones, go-karts, and generatorsas well as many connections with the military to manufacturing these items. .css-v1xtj3{display:block;font-family:FreightSansW01,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:100;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-v1xtj3:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-v1xtj3{font-size:1.1387rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-top:0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-v1xtj3{line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-v1xtj3{font-size:1.18581rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.5rem;margin-top:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-v1xtj3{font-size:1.23488rem;line-height:1.2;margin-top:0.9375rem;}}Whats New With F1 Tires for the 2023 Season, How F1s Red Bull Racing Makes Mid-Race Decisions, Why Ford and GM Truck Production Has Stopped, The 7 Most Outrageous Pickup Trucks Out There, Amazon Now Has an OEM Store for Your DIY Car Needs, Romain Grosjeans Burnt F1 Car Will Go on Display, Tesla: Self-Driving Software May Cause Crash, Save Time Scraping Your Windshield With a De-Icer, The Best Tools to Keep in Your Cars Emergency Kit. Imagine moving 1,000 pound generators (and the fuel to power them) to a desert base. Because a liquid can conform to an irregular chamber volume, the surface area to volume ratio in the gas chamber can be maximized using a liquid piston. [33] demonstrated at high pressures from 0.7 MPa to 21 MPa that the efficiency and power density of liquid piston C/E could be increased by adding a porous medium to increase the heat transfer area, and that the location of the porous medium approximately near the top of the chamber had a more pronounced effect on the C/E gain. They are designed for both the automobile industry and unmanned aerial systems. Otto cycle): A dwell near top-dead-center (TDC) allows more time for fuel-air mixing and forces combustion to occur at nearly constant-volume conditions.3) Over-expansion (i.e. A simple, efficient and elegant system, the X Engine only has a few moving parts, including the rotor (the primary work-producing component) and an eccentric shaft. Heat transfer enhancement techniques used in liquid piston gas compression can contribute to improving the efficiency of compressed air energy storage systems by achieving a near-isothermal. Because a liquid can conform to an irregular chamber volume, the surface area to volume ratio in the . One of the most worrying things is this. That alone could dramatically lower the price of hybrid EVs, truly making them accessible. If youre interested in discussing a partnership with LiquidPiston, please contact us. This trade-off can be mitigated in a liquid (water) piston air-compressor/expander with enhanced heat transfer. But this engine also opens a path toward using greener fuels both in the military and in consumer markets by burning green hydrogen, which is completely carbon-free. Therefore, you should only invest in LiquidPiston stock money you can afford to lose if things go awry. Our patented X-Engine solves the problems of the rotary engine without sacrificing the benefits. Onward! As evidence, consider the recent announcement by Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA), which declared that improving battery efficiency will soon enable the tech firm to develop a $25,000 EV. Here, the company takes an old platform the rotary engine and implements groundbreaking thermal efficiency improvements. Thus, the dramatic rate of demand is deceptive because were talking about small number comparisons. Specific to the company, its worth noting that while rotary engines feature fewer moving parts, there are reasons why this platform is not the industry standard. Particularly in its use with airplanes and portable generators. Building on over 15 years of R&D, LiquidPiston provides a power solution that can scale to address the needs of the $400B internal combustion engine market and is a key enabler for emerging mobility technologies including electric cars, urban aircraft, and drones. This 10:1 stock split means that effectively the share price is reduced by 10x (while the number of shares is increased by 10x). A high efficiency Stirling engine makes energy regeneration through reversing the Stirling cycle practical. Despite the low efficiency, the constant supply of solar energy all year round will be enough to power the engine to serve the needs of villages in a typical rural setting. No wonder the Department of Defense has awarded us over $30M to date. However, LiquidPiston has test kits available for development / manufacturing partners, and is seeking commercialization partnerships. Liquid Piston's engine much smaller and lighter than typical combustion engines, so it can lighten the . Hence, it has been 20 years, and there still needs to be a production product. We arent stopping there. The Shkolniks themselves have won a Society of Automotive Engineers "best paper" award for their research. A typical electric battery weighs over 1,000 pounds and the amount of lithium, cobalt, and nickel currently needed to make them is unsustainable. We currently have 79 patents covering a wide variety of subjects and applications. While a Wankel engine has a 3-sided triangular rotor, within a 2-lobed oval housing, the X engine has a 2-lobed oval rotor in a 3-sided housing. Less weight, space, vibration, noise, and fuel consumption are the outcomes of more than 15 years of study and development. Considering Lowering Prices? Despite what individual companies may promise, theres always the chance of losing a portion, or the entirety, of your investment. Liquid Piston has a lengthy history of using crowdfunding to raise money. If you purchase them, Entrepreneur may get a small share of the revenue from the sale from our commerce partners. Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. Investing through equity and real estate crowdfunding or asset tokenization requires a high degree of risk tolerance. The X-Mini is a 70cc air-cooled naturally aspirated four-stroke X-Engine variant, that has been operated on a variety of fuels using spark ignition including gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels including Jet A, as well as propane and hydrogen .[4]. Thus, they give clients access to small, effective combustion engines that can run on various fuels. Not only that, it can make engines ten-times smaller and lighter promoting paradigm-shattering cost efficiencies for automakers. This can be scaled to meet the requirements of many ICE market sectors worldwide. Buildings; . They stated that they were enhancing their functional and managerial teams. Facebook Twitter Youtube Linkedin. The CEO receives a cash payment of $220,000, and the CTO receives a cash payment of $222,000, and so on. Liquid piston is (I believe) much lighter. These branches are looking to deploy LiquidPiston to hybrid-electrify their drone fleet, streamline power supply chains, and more. Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. It might be hard to convince people to use a new combustion engine in 2023 and beyond. The energy density of hydrocarbon fuels is 40-50X that of today's most advanced batteries. The U.S. Army needs a modular system that is ultraportable and reduces the logistical footprint of its power source. engines' efficiency ranges from 3-6%. Electric vehicles use big, expensive batteries. The year 2023 is going to be significant for LiquidPiston. Whether its a drone that can fly faster and farther or the ability to fit 11 generators on a pallet instead of two, our small, versatile engines are solving some of the biggest problems for the military. "Liquid Piston's Rotary Engine Could Boost UAS, Accelerate eVTOLs", "LiquidPiston engine now runs on hydrogen", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liquidpiston&oldid=1138845308, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 23:31. 2021 BTO Peer Review Presentation - Liquid Piston with Spray Cooling Near Isothermal Compressor. With research grants and consulting services, they generated around $10 million in revenue (according to SEC filings from 20162021). LiquidPiston is the developer and manufacturer of a pistonless rotary engine called the X-engine, located in Bloomfield, Connecticut . Read our privacy policy for more information. Thus, they are becoming less profitable and are sitting at 70 times revenue. Is Alvera deodorant discontinued or in shortage only in 2023? LiquidPiston has rethought the engine starting with first principles - revisiting the thermodynamic cycle - and innovating in a space that hasn't changed in over 100 years! LiquidPiston has a leading team of experts focused on rotary engine development. Heat engines utilizing the Stirling cycle can theoretically function at high efficiency due to . LiquidPiston is currently valued at $184M. The LiquidPiston engine is a 100-year innovation already gaining traction in both public and private sectors. Your submission has been received! Contracts signed totaling over $30M (4 commercial R&D contracts and 14 DoD contracts), First major disruption in engines in 100+ years, Addressable market size for engines and hybrid power systems. make engines ten-times smaller and lighter, accounted for 2.6% of international car sales in 2019, enable the tech firm to develop a $25,000 EV, Invest in LiquidPiston Stock for Credible Green Solutions, Exclusive-Nvidia's plans for sales to Huawei imperiled if U.S. tightens Huawei curbs-draft, OpenAI Rival Stable Diffusion Maker Seeks to Raise Funds at $4 Billion Valuation, Voyagers Bankruptcy Token Needs Regulation, SEC Lawyer Says, iPhone Maker Plans $700 Million India Plant in Shift From China, UPDATE 1-Storms in US South kill at least 9, head to Northeast. The Murdaugh family's 100-year-old legal legacy came crashing down in just months due to lies, deceit, and several deaths. When you buy a traditional car, youre buying at the peak of this platforms innovation. The rotor has passages to supply air and remove exhaust gas, thereby eliminating the need for valves. DISADVANTAGE-low efficiency Novel designs are popping up at engineering expos everywhere, and the newest comes from Bloomfield, Conn.-based .css-3wjtm9{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.125rem;text-decoration-color:#1c6a65;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-3wjtm9:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}LiquidPiston. We can get products out to the military market because of their national security power requirements and we expect to leverage those application use cases and X-Engine designs to participate in a variety of vehicle (including land vehicles) hybrid electric propulsion applications using a range of fossil and low carbon fuels in the future. The primary emission of an Engine running on hydrogen fuel is water, making it a potentially zero carbon-emission, green engine. It would weigh less than 50 lbs in production, the company claims, far less than a comparable 40-hp diesel that would tip the scale at around 400 lbs. The result is an engine lighter and smaller than conventional ICEs with pistons. In this study, an interrupted plate porous media is used to enhance the heat dissipation during compression and improve the compression efficiency in ionic liquid piston compressors. This will help them finance the industrialization of their engines and the road to commercialization. Just 2 primary moving parts, up to 10X smaller and lighter for the same power level, $30M in funding from the DOD including contracts from DARPA, Army, and Air Force. Because a liquid can conform to an irregular chamber volume, the surface area to volume ratio in the gas chamber can be maximized using a liquid piston. Altogether, they've developed diesel engines and small gasoline engines alike, in addition to fuel injection and engine control systems. The 7 Best Semiconductor Stocks to Buy Today. Of course, LiquidPiston claims that they have addressed the setbacks of rotary engines with their innovative take. Copyright 2022. This is to pawn the shares to the unwary via social media marketing. ChatGPT may be entering into a lasting category of functionality that marks its creation as a watershed moment. This is the best concept we have ever heard. A new spin on the internal combustion engine by startup LiquidPiston aims for a leap in efficiency from 20 percent to 50 percent. Tiago J. Costa, et al., SAE Journal Article 2016-32-0033This paper describes the method used for heat transfer measurement and prediction on the LiquidPiston XMv3 small rotary engine at its current state of development. That is rarely how it is utilized, like anything that can be misused. Its due to its patented engine technology. In cases where the engine is under load and needs to cool down, it can skip an fuel injection event and just suck in cool air, which is then heated by the block and gets exhausted. With more than $17 million in venture capital raised so far, LiquidPiston is taking on another round of investors. Very well. It has a fundamentally different architecture and operation.The Wankel rotary engine demonstrated excellent power to weight characteristics and exhibited low vibration even at high RPM. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Is Suave Hair Gel discontinued What company makes it? LPI Hybrid Power System eliminates up to 80% of the battery pack. I understand that the data I am submitting will be used to provide me with the above-described products and/or services and communications in connection therewith. Compared to older piston engines, it also operates with far less vibration. How? Why did LiquidPiston already get millions in Department of Defense (DoD) contracts? LiquidPiston is a manufacturer of cutting-edge rotary combustion engines with offices in Bloomfield, Connecticut. Founded by father-son duo Nikolay Shkolnik and Alec Shkolnik (CEO), the LiquidPiston team combines decades of mechanical knowledge and boundless ingenuity. LiquidPiston has developed engine prototypes that range from 3 to 40HP: X-Mini: 70 cc (3-5 HP) Multi-Fuel Spark-Ignition HEHC engine X4: 750 cc (40 HP) Diesel Compression-Ignition HEHC engine. LiquidPiston created the X-Engine. The exhaust from hydrogen combustion is primarily water. It has fewer moving parts and allows for burning diesel, biofuels, gasoline, and green options like hydrogen. Watch our episode from Season 31 below for an in-depth look at the makings of LiquidPiston rotary engines. Since its start in 2003, Liquid Piston has been operating. The High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle (HEHC) combines two-stroke and four-stroke engine cycles for 30% higher fuel efficiency than traditional Atkinson or Otto cycles. Mar 3, 2023. They made a small profit and had $3.2 million in 2017, but things have been worsening since then. This, once more, comes mostly from government contracts.. 5d, the efficiency remains high even at 20% displacements. This 10:1 stock split means that effectively the share price is reduced by 10x (while the number of shares is increased by 10x). Now They're, Warren Buffett and Partner Charlie Munger, The Viral Brand Behind Soaring Searches for 'Female Body Hair', Not Only Thriving, But Working to End the Cycle of Poverty in South Africa, Reveal Their Best Business Advice for 2023, Still Gets Up Close and Personal After Its $310 Million Sale, 8 Tips Introverts Need to Network Effectively, Find Out Which Brands Have Ranked on the Franchise 500 for Longest, Carnival Cruise Wants Passengers to Have Fun in the Sun But Do This, and You'll Get Burned With a New $500 Fee, Everything to Know About the Murdaugh Family Murders: From Their Legal Legacy to Multiple Unexplained Deaths, This Is the Worst City in the World for Work-Life Balance and No, It's Not NYC. Thanks to LiquidPiston's proprietary technology, though, the company claims it can improve efficiency by 30%. Diesel cycle): For maximum efficiency, air is compressed to a high compression ratio, fuel is injected and compression is ignited (CI-HEHC). For many application areas, LiquidPiston is set to revolutionize power generation. If a breakthrough is made, that means EV drivers can have much lighter cars and zero emissions. We fully expect the X-Engine will be able to burn low-carbon fuels, such as bio-fuels and Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). Sure, every once in a blue moon, youll come across a grand slam. LiquidPiston, a developer of advanced combustion engine technology, received the award for the first phase of a program to realize the full capability of its patented high-efficiency hybrid cycle (HEHC) engine. Liquid Piston promised to focus on their Army and Air Force commitments in 2023. We may earn commission if you buy from a link. Thanks to LiquidPiston's proprietary technology, though, the company claims it can improve efficiency by 30%. Liquid piston with water spray based cooling to augment heat transfer has shown a 89% three-stage compression efficiency, substantially higher than the 27% associated with a conventional . They made $425,000 in revenue and lost $2.9 million in 2020. LiquidPiston is interested in speaking with potential industry partners regarding licensing the engine for specific market applications that require compact, lightweight, quiet, low-vibration, powerful, fuel-efficient engines. This creates near-isothermal operation, which minimizes energy lost to heat generation. Despite dealing with some persistent supply chain challenges in 2022, Liquid Piston claims. The air is then isolated in a constant volume chamber. Nonetheless, combining the two technologies LiquidPistons enhanced rotary engine and the EV platform in a hybrid setup could yield holistic efficiencies. By getting the same power with up to a 10X smaller engine, were opening up possibilities for air taxis. Up to 80% smaller and lighter than the traditional piston Diesel engines. Daniele Littera, et al., SAE Technical Paper 2015-32-0719, 2015This paper describes development progress of LiquidPistons small rotary engine, the XMv3, which operates on a Spark-Ignited (SI) variant of its patented High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle (HEHC). The objective J is defined as (38) J = i y i y i, tar 2 y t (t) d t Therein, y defines a Boolean weight enabling H 2 (a) or C 2 H 4 (b). Absolutely! Two prototype X rotary engines are discussed. September 13, 2022 09:00 ET | Source: LiquidPiston. By wasting much less energy during the course of an combustion cycle. Again, this is different than a normal internal combustion engine, which releases very energetic, high-pressure exhaust gas. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title.
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