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When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize "Southern" when referring to "the South" in the United States, regardless of whether you're discussing the Civil War. When common nouns like party, river, and street are included in a proper name, capitalize them. When possessive pronouns like her, his, my, our, and your are used, do not capitalize them. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. Is it Southern or Southern? seems less related to the usual descriptivist process, more opinion-based. Generally, you do not need to capitalize the names of the seasons. Canada, Western European nations and developed parts of Asia; Global Southern countries are those that are less economically developed such as nations in Africa and some parts of Asia [29 . By prevailing usage, roughly the most southerly one-third or two-fifths of California is referred to as Southern California, in initial caps. Am I a midwesterner or a Midwesterner? Proper nouns include the specific names of people, places, and things. Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and. Geographic Regions Used as Adjectives Terms that denote regions of the world or of a particular country are often capitalized, as are a few of the adjectives and nouns derived from such terms. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Capitalize My Title makes title capitalization easy. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? During the Civil War, Northerners and Southerners battled in twenty-three states. The North, The East, The South, and The West. Proper nouns should always be capitalized. English Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, Spanish Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts. The plant common name has to conform to the rules of English, however, so if there's a proper noun in the common name, it must be capitalized. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . Do You Capitalize "Real Estate"? @Devil07, the geographical adjective "southern" is not usurped -- it just means something different. The other concern I have is that southern is a geographical term, that I feel shouldn't be usurped in this way. For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . Does the word federal need to be capitalized? States should also be abbreviated when used as part of a short-form political affiliation. Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. Names of regions should be capitalized if those are proper nouns or denote a country, city, continent, etc. The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Similarly, the European Union is an assortment of multiple countries. Only when it's very apparent or writing the direction names in small letters looks completely off, capitalize them. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? . Capitalization Do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, etc., unless the word is part of a formal name. And "north" in that sentence refers to a direction (i.e., where you turned), not the place (i.e., Bolton Avenue). It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. Is Southern California capitalized AP style? "I" is always capitalized, along with all its . Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? Words such as one, it, its, its, him, and own should all be capitalized no matter where they appear in a title. If the writer is referring to the United States and calling it just the States, then states needs to be capitalized. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. The seasons are not proper nouns and are therefore not normally capitalized. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. Otherwise, not. Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. Lowercase to when it functions in an infinitive. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. These are not governed entities, but they are official designations. The West Coast has beautiful scenery. Capitalize common nouns such as party, river and street when they are part of a proper name. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. However, when giving an address, or in tables or other uses in which space is limited, use the US Postal Services symbol system, which consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are always capitalized and no periods are used (for example, NY for New York). However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. Is this correct. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. doesn't shout the need for "capitalization", it's safe to write it in lowercase. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. The key factor here is that were using these words descriptively (i.e., to specify the direction or location of something), not to name something. Home-buyers pay a 1.75% fee up . For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates. Colorado is part of the Southwest. A region can be a city, town, village, country, continent, or any area that comes under the jurisdiction or administration of a state. I live to the west of Detroit Michigan. This is the sentence that is capitalized correctly. Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. Lorry Vs. Truck: Meaning And How To Use Each One, Turnip Vs. Radish: Meaning And Differences Of These Words. Q. Debating with an editor over capitalization of the word bicentennial. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. If it's a name, it's a proper noun. In your first paragraph after the caption you make a good comparison between Wild West and Southern California, but I'm still troubled by a couple of issues. I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". In June 1963, the Department provided an initial list of abbreviations, but many had only three or four letters, which were still too long. Settlers moved into the West. South-Eastern Albania? For example, Southern US is proper because it is a specific region. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. It is also a great option for general business writing. It also looks at when to capitalize those regions when they are used as adjectives and to describe U.S. geographic populations. The state abbreviations are always in the same format: two letter abbreviations where both letters are uppercase and no periods or spaces between each letter. (Cap or no cap on east and west). In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. So, should you capitalize regions when writing? Keep reading to learn everything there is to regions and their capitalization, rules for related terms and phrases, what a region is, etc. Should I capitalize "the north" and "the south" in my work on the southern campaign of the Revolutionary war? I is always capitalized, along with all its contractions. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. The main style guides all agree on this, although . The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010) has a useful and detailed discussion of this issue. The storm is heading east. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? The concept of a "region" is significant and used widely among the several geography branches, each of which could describe the areas or zones in region-based terms. The problem is, there doesn't appear to be a consensus. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. It's similar to why your name is always capitalized. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate direction or general location. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) suggests capitalizing terms like Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner:5. To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. A region could also be a group of nations. In October 1963, the Department settled on the current two-letter abbreviations. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as in the South. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep south lowercase. Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. Job seekers, Is Pepsi the owner of KFC? On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. As an aside, when we toured through the San Francisco Peninsula earlier this year, our guide told us that the natives generally didn't like the name 'Silicon Valley'. CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions. The Content Authority is where you will find great content, written by amazing writers, around topics like grammar, writing, publishing, and marketing. Only a few signs of the zodiac are automatically capitalized (Capricorn, Gemini, Sagittarius, Taurus). As an Amazon Associate, CapitalizeMyTitle.com earns from qualifying purchases. (1) often capitalized: of or relating to any of various population groups having dark pigmentation of the skin (black Americans) (2) : of or relating to the African-American people or their culture (black literature) (a black college) (black pride) (black studies) From Merriam-Webster Dictionary Part of the definition for white any that aren't articles, conjunctions or prepositions) should be capitalised. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. NOTE: Within certain regions it is not uncommon for many who live there to capitalize the adjective because of the special importance they attach to the regional designation. Posted by But, generally, you only need to capitalize a direction in a place name if the direction is a standard part of the places name. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. The image of a Southern belle is often characterized by fashion elements such as a hoop skirt, a corset, pantalettes, a wide-brimmed straw hat, and gloves. In general, Midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Chicago style is best for writers who want to adhere to traditional publishing standards and academic writers in non-scientific fields. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". When youre talking about Americas West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. When in doubt, lowercase. The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. The term "region" is a general noun, and it's usually not capitalized, as a result. When you're talking about America's West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. Most of the north is sandy, and the northern coast is mountainous. Unless the direction is part of the country's actual name, it remains lowercased. This suffix makes the direction an adjective, and when it describes a specific region, it should be capitalized. Should states and territories be Capitalised? If you are merely referring to a . In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. Though a direction is a general noun, it could at times be not that straightforward to ascertain whether it's a common noun or a proper noun. To find out when to capitalize North, South, East, and West, read our guide to capitalizing directions below. In a June 11 statement, the National Association of Black Journalists issued a recommendation "that whenever a color is used to appropriately describe race then it should be capitalized . , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. 10 Do I capitalize southern as in the US region? In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. In all cases, though, you should: And if you need help, our expert proofreaders are ready! In general, midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. In other words, directions can be tricky! editing, Capitalize north, south, east, west, and derivative words when they designate definite regions or are an integral part of a proper name. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. I often have to write north, west in reference to an entrance or exit, for example, the patron exited through the north turnstile. You should capitalize the words East Coast when referring to a specific region, such as Im traveling to the East Coast, because East Coast is a proper noun in this case. A recognized geographical region. The United Kingdom, for instance, is a region that comprises four countries: Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Wales. How can I find out which sectors are used by files on NTFS? Automatically capitalize your email subjects, essay, headline, and article titles. You don't even want to know what he calls pancakes. Capitalize these words when they designate regions. You should only capitalize "east" when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the East" or "in the Middle East". Rule 1. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. State names had to be abbreviated to make room for the ZIP code. AP Style states that when referring to the names of a nation, directions should . Actually, you should capitalize federal only when it is part of a proper noun, that is, the official name of a particular or unique person, place, or thing. Despite that, knowing how to capitalize names of places, regions, geographical features, directions, etc. Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. Sallie Ward, a Southern belle. Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the South." If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Use lowercase when referring to directions on a compass. In "the eastern portion of Colorado", however, "eastern" is written in small letters since it doesn't denote people or specific culture or practice. In this particular sentence, I is capitalized because it is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Capitalizing North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. Here are a few sentences with the word "region" in them: If part of a title or headline, the word "region" can be capitalized to conform to title capitalization rules. Dont capitalize the word when it precedes the states name unless its included in a states title. Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, capitalization, Chicago style, dictionaries. It only takes a minute to sign up. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN. These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. When north, south, east, and west refer to generic directions (i.e., the points of the compass), they are not capitalized: The master bedroom is in the east wing of the mansion.