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Stay with us.". A: AP style is email (changed from e-mail), but other e- words are hyphenated: e-commerce and e-book. When multiple letters in a title need to be capitalized, use title case capitalization. Possessive versus descriptive Q: A months confinement or a month's confinement? Q: Others use one word for internet-related terms. Lowercase the second word in a hyphenated compound when it is a prefix or suffix (e.g., Anti-itch,world-wide) or part of a single word. Q: Is clarity essentially the only rule determining when a serial comma should be included? This will uncapitalize your text. The key thing is applying a clear and consistent punctuation style to all lists. You have multiple options to capitalize and change the case of your titles, headlines, song titles, book titles, email subjects, and more. Bullet points. Mary founded Instructional Solutions in 1998, and is an internationally recognized business writing trainer and executive writing coach with two decades of experience helping thousands of individuals and businesses master the strategic skill of business writing. Inconsistent punctuation; Sometimes the grammar isn't parallel between items. A: "don't ask, don't tell" policy. Please try again. The AP Stylebook is a writing and editing reference for newsrooms, classrooms and corporate offices worldwide. ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists Asthma or some allergies. Do use a comma before the last item in a series when it contains items with and/or. AP's style is now to capitalize Black in a racial, ethnic or cultural sense, conveying an essential . Abbreviations, acronyms (24/7; NATO; laser; U.S.; No. Capitalize the first word of every bullet. How a list is punctuated depends on the sort of information that is being presented. hn7_@os@`v6Y8m.sSWloK6]G\#4:RsJ.Sv1b0',K4;mgbj\l~}7N|7W}v0qp}_n]QQL~yNy?NQ2*yZ_p@PnCx'q%6\zr0nqfopzpyb"uGh7? If you want to, you can press Enter on your keyboard or click the Copy button next to the text box to copy the text to your clipboard. Q: What is AP's style on the military's don't ask, don't tell policy? Content style guide Capitalization As part of our plain language style, we use sentence capitalization as the standard on VA.gov, with a few exceptions. Its hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each item on the list is not a full sentence. is lowercase. I was a fan until I realized it wasn't AP Style, all hail AP Style Honorable mention a.m. and p.m. - That's how they're used. Certainly, your business writings substance and information are far more critical than exacting punctuation that technically is neither correct nor incorrect since style guides vary. Ordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.5, The animal shelters most generous donors were, 2. local businesses, including the hardware store, grocery store, and coffee shop; and. Next post: Make blog post content rich with layers, Previous post: Blog Post Format: Chunk It. Garner's Modern American Usage inserts periods at the end of bullet lists only if the bullet list begins with a capital letter. Bulleted lists are covered in Section 6.52 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition. AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. - Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Try it with a list of shorter items like this. Bulleted lists are appropriate when presenting a list of items in no particular order. Capitalization is a style choicewith sentence fragments, you can choose to start each with either upper- or lower-case letters. I love traveling to Ireland because of its: [AP, Garner, and Gregg use the colon here. These aren't always the same abbreviations the mail carrier uses. I love traveling to Ireland because of its: I do not recommend this vertical lists punctuated as a sentence format with semicolons for business writing. Today we'll look at numbered lists. After each dash, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. Thanks for the catch! Q: Veteran's Benefits, Veterans Benefits or Veterans' Benefits? Q: Do music groups take singular verbs, as do collective nouns, or plural verbs, as with sports teams? Use either all full sentences in your bullet lists or all fragments. A: A partial spelling with hyphens in place of some letters would convey the meaning. There was an error submitting your subscription. Capitalization looks fancy and makes things seem important. A: Commas in a series are for clarity and prevention of ambiguities. - Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section. 10439 W Royal Palm Rd., Peoria AZ 85345 r%Q! One exception: email (no hyphen, which reflects majority of usage). The Associated Press Stylebook says when writing lists "use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section, whether it is a full sentence or a phrase.". Bulleted lists may be comprised of complete sentences or phrases. Thanks for the comment, Anna. Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length). Note however that it is not wrong to capitalize a sentence or clause after a colon. Infants are happy to participate in normal household chores, such as cleaning up. Bulleted lists. According to APA Style, the first word after the colon is capitalized only if it begins a complete sentence. It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications.AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating If checked, quotes will be output as straight quotes. Of course, youll want to keep using capitals for all the basics: the beginning of every sentence, proper nouns like names and specific locations, days of the week and months. These are perfectly acceptable, and some style guides suggest writing lists like this. Capitalize the first word in a bullet point and the introduction to the list, but not the rest. Start each list item with a capital letter, unless case is an important part of the information conveyed by the listsuch as in a list of glossary terms. Q: Is clarity essentially the only rule determining when a serial comma should be included? 7. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. While the APs guidelines on this issue are straightforward and easy to remember, they are designed for news publications dealing with limited space and the technical limitations of news wire transmissions. A: AP stories use PHP, Ajax, XML, FTP search engine optimization click-through rate pay-per-click. Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading, Capitalize all major words (nouns, verbs including. For company names, use their preference: eBay. When do Iuse periods and when do Ileave bulleted items without end punctuation? If unchecked, quotes will be output as curly quotes. In bulleted and numbered lists, do not use a period or other punctuation after titles or phrases that are not complete sentences (also good for accessibility). Q: Should the names of decades be capitalized when written out? endstream endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[603 407.25 648 420.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[270.75 387.75 315.75 401.25]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[281.25 368.25 318.75 381.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>>]/Contents[34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R]/CropBox[0 0 792 612]/MediaBox[0 0 792 612]/Parent 26 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSets[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj <>stream label all file pages (and the disk itself) with your designatedcode. Thanks! The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that theyre upper. We wont send you spam. To draw visual attention to items in a list without implying that items go in a certain order (e.g., chronology, importance, priority), use a bulleted list. Should each point start with a capital letter and end with a period? Learn more about how to write better bullet lists. We have three punctuation issues to consider: Should the ending punctuation at the end of each bullet list be a period, a semicolon, or no punctuation? However, Garner qualifies this: "If you begin each item with a lowercase letter, put a semicolon at the end of each item, use and after the next-to-last item, and put a period after the last item." Quick Links: How to Use Capitalize My Title, What to Capitalize in a Title (What Is Title Case, What Is Sentence Case), Title Capitalization Rules by Style (APA, Chicago, AP, MLA, BB, AMA, NY Times, Wikipedia). A: Lowercase the compass point - central Louisiana -- unless it's a widely known section, as in Southern California or South Florida. Garner calls this "vertical lists punctuated as a sentence." You should always use a colon before a bulleted or numbered list. I the word Cocaine supposed to be capitalized? A colon adds emphasis, too. Here is a sampling of frequently asked questions, with examples of AP style used in answers. - Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section. Capitalize all words of four letters or more. Use numbered lists when youre working with instructions to be done in sequence, and the numbers suggest ahierarchy. A: Eight states are never abbreviated in datelines or text: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah. In most cases, experts recommend that you start each bulleted item with acapital letter. The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that they're upper. Clarity and consistency are the building blocks of great content. "The cat's toy" means one cat owns that toy. The Gregg Reference Manual uses periods only after bullets that are dependent clauses and long phrases. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style) recommends only using complete sentences for vertical numbered list items, not incomplete sentences as shown above.6, Unordered lists are united by commonality rather than rank or sequence. 59 0 obj <>stream A) Begin each bullet with the same part of speech (noun, verb, adjective) It is very common to use action verbs (also known as dynamic verbs) to begin each item in a bulleted list. 'I hope this email finds you well:' Emailing During the Pandemic, Business Grammar: Pronoun Antecedent Errors, Use a period or other full stop after every bullet that is a sentence. In the example above, the first two list items end with a semicolon because the second list item has internal commas. Do you capitalize the first word of a bullet point? Input your member identification number. Next, identify a newsworthy angle and set up your press release's header section. The listing below reflects a few departures from Associated Press (AP) style typically used in Johns Hopkins' web and print text, as well as other style points that, while they are not departures from AP style, require special attention. Required fields are marked *. Capitalize words with four or more letters (including conjunctions and prepositions). This is usually done when each list entry finishes an introductory phrase, as shown below: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. Q: When referring to your company in internal (or external) communications, which is correct: Corporate or corporate? Judy Vorfeld Oppress means to persecute/tyrannize/bully. The Chicago Manual of Style. Bulleted lists. Why wouldnt you want to add a list to your work? Individual list items following a complete sentence are usually capitalized but appear without terminal punctuation (i.e., they dont end in a period, comma, colon, or semicolon) if they are incomplete sentences, phrases, or single words.3. There's an old joke: However, in lists of bullet points, the beginning of a point is also indicated by space and the item marker (whether a bullet, a number, or a letter). Numbered lists (as noted on p. 64 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association) can be used to denote items in a series, such as conclusions or procedural steps. Use a rubber glove to twist the lid off. Any symbol may be used for the bullets, although small circles or squares are typical software defaults. If you left caps lock on accidentally, you can quickly convert your title from uppercase to lowercase by selecting the lower button above. A: AP uses hyphenated e- for generic terms such as e-commerce and e-strategies. And if so, when? Follow the same capitalization rules you would follow for normal sentences. How to Write Vertical Lists (Ordered and Unordered), How to Export PDF Tables from Adobe Acrobat to Excel (PC & Mac), How to Insert Images into Shapes in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Align the Periods in Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Password Protect Files in Microsoft Word, How to Password Protect PDFs in Adobe Acrobat (PC & Mac). The department prefers bullets, but punctuate them per AP style: After each bullet, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each item. Infants will try to help others who seem like they need help with simple tasks, such as carrying multiple objects. Q: Why is atheist not capitalized while Catholics, Muslims, Buddhists, etc., are? Hello! To create a bulleted list, use the bulleted list function of your word-processing program. 9. 6. Your email address will not be published. The following rules apply to APA headline capitalization and title capitalization: Making sure you have the right capitalization for MLA headings is crucial for scholarly articles. Lowercase the second word in a compound modifier (e.g., Mid-year or On-site). Does this help? The Associated Press Stylebook says when writing lists use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section, whether it is a full sentence or a phrase.. Q: A months confinement or a month's confinement? APA allows the use of bulleted lists with or without punctuation. A: In this instance, use a plural verb. The Gregg Reference Manual uses periods only after bullets that are dependent clauses and long phrases. Poor sleep quality has been linked with the following symptoms: The second option is to insert punctuation after the bulleted items as though the bullets were not there, which may be better when the items are longer or more complex. Home Style and Grammar Guidelines Lists Lists Just as heading structure alerts readers to the order of ideas in a paper, lists help readers understand a related set of key points within a sentence or paragraph. Fax: 205-921-5595 2131 Military Street S Hamilton, AL 35570 View Location Another easy decision. News media (datelines; headlines; newswriting ). Bulleted lists: Capitalize the first letter after the bullet. You can learn more in the Title Capitalization Rules by Style section. If you want to change your title from uppercase to title case, you can select the Title Case button above. Lowercase the second word after a hyphenated prefix (e.g., Mid-, Anti-, Super-, etc.) Lists, Part 4: Numbered Lists. 205-921-5556. With this format, use commas after each list item and on the next-to-last list, item use the word and close the list with a . A: As a descriptive term, doctorate in psychology is lowercase. Vertical lists can be ordered or unordered and can be introduced by complete or incomplete sentences, all of which affect how the individual list items are capitalized and punctuated. AP and Chicago Manual of Style - capitalize initial word and use periods after sentence list items. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. Understanding what to capitalize in a title is important to make sure that your titles and headlines look correct. 1 ). We recommend following the AP Stylebooks bullet punctuation, with additional clarifications that AP doesnt address. A: The phrase suggests a contingency unlikely to come true, so use "were" for the subjunctive mood. Each of these capitalization styles has slightly different rules for which words are capitalized and each of these styles can be written using title case capitalization or sentence case capitalization. In business writing, capitalize the first letter of bullet lists. the proper name, do not capitalize. Welcome to Ask the Editor, a forum on writing, style and phrasing issues that go beyond the pages of the AP Stylebook. How about Civil Rights Movement? Now we have bullets. To make peace with periods in a list, think of the entire list (including the lead-in word or phrase) as several sentences (all of which need a period at the end). A: In a simple series, AP doesn't use a comma before the last item. The Chicago Manual of Style has pages of rules and examples of bullet lists that agree with the Garner style recommendation to use semicolons after each item, use and after the next-to-last-item, and use a period at the end of the last item. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this websites owner is strictly prohibited. document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a4470ef17940e51381fb55e5e7bde6b6" );document.getElementById("j6a5d70196").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Sign up to receive the latest articles from Ragan.com directly in your inbox. Geography, addresses (state names, regions: Mideast; Northwest; northeast Minnesota; 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.; Fifth Avenue ). This will automatically indent the list as well. 6. The capitalization rules are as follows: AMA style capitalization is mainly used in the scientific community. Some guiding principles behind AP style are: Consistency Clarity Accuracy Brevity AP style also aims to avoid stereotypes and unintentionally offensive language. For example, here is a summary of the instructions to write a standard 5 paragraph essay. This is why capitalization of items that make up a list of bullet points is sometimes a matter of style. Well, that was really helpful; thanks for the effort. Use all sentences or all. This guidance has been expanded from the 6th edition. It is the same across all of the four styles. Punctuating every introduction with a colon and every list item with a period regardless of other structural issues (such as complete versus incomplete introductory sentences and list-item formatting) could potentially decrease flow and readability. Q. 4.24.14 AP style rules on state abbreviations updated. AP style provides consistent guidelines for such publications in terms of grammar, spelling, punctuation and language usage. Q: Is the proper phrase "If money were no object" or "If money was no object"? When your writing is crisp, clear, and easy to understand, audiences will likely leave your site with a positive impression. See APA 7, Section 6.52 for examples and more information. Its all about readability. Everyone loves a vertical list. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. Ordered lists can be introduced by a complete or incomplete sentence and are typically prefaced by numbers1 or letters2 followed by a period. Creating a free account also gives you access to historical stylebooks, writing guidelines and handbooks produced by The Associated Press, dating back to June 1900. AP has a few punctuation rules that differ from many common style guides: Do not use a comma before the last item in a simple series ("My favorite candy includes Snickers, Twix and Zagnut bars."). Watch your title convert case and be automatically capitalized! AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. How about AP? AP follows two broad rules for capitalization: Common names are not capitalized unless part of a proper name (the river vs. the Thames River). AP Style: Sentence Fragments and Capitalization Finally, let's look at Associated Press style. 2003-2022 Judy Vorfeld's Office Support Services. This is a grammar guide that accompanies our post on how to write better bullet points. This is a tricky one for me because, personally, I agree with you. Should the opening stem sentence end with a colon to introduce the bullet lists or use no colon? Numbered and unnumbered lists are more commonly used in scholarly publications. The capitalization rules are as follows: Bluebook style capitalization is mainly used by lawyers. July 31, 2019. The capitalization rules are as follows: Learn how to spot the 5 most common mistakes and fix them before you publish. The same applies when someone may refer to specific items by number. A colon should be used to introduce the list, and the first letter of each point should be capitalised. Do you need a colon to introduce a list? For example, are newspapers italicized? A: Always use figures for people, animals and objects: 3-year-old house. $;$ExRp" e8CQiQYgKdIw lP"1C[;d,|xk0:[#.kvZ|{wY14\.wCzb`*,a`FK{GQfl!hie "h9e tI*2$"/'O6\a>Zb=01fD?`ZTX7w$\a +!F7X o7N| *&Rp oTF G6eKeJ22N Mb[$er6_oZkh:.jFeX^Lu}]/E.tesv!8;>pi0B@09]l}llx| V:2`zXoyQ% 'w Important Note: If you follow The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style), see the Style Guide Alert at the bottom of this post for clarification on AP styles recommendations for unordered lists, which differ from the general guidelines explained below. Example: There are anumber of tags used in HTML, including: RULE: Its not necessary to use periods after short phrases or single words in alist, if the introductory statement is grammatically complete (see below) or if the listed items are like those on an inventory sheet or ashopping list. Now we have bullets. AP Stylebook Online builds on everything that's in the print Stylebook, and makes it a more comprehensive, convenient resource. Careful punctuation also reflects thought and care. A colon can introduce a long quotation or one of more than one sentence, because it says to a reader: "There's more coming here than you thought. Preferred style is without terminal punctuation, unless the list item is a complete sentence. And if youd like any more help with the punctuation and capitalization of lists in a document, dont forget we have proofreaders available 24/7! In general, capitalize formal titles used directly before a name. Now check your email to confirm your subscription for My Blog Editor blog alerts. By virtue of their formatting, numbered lists stand . They are also written without terminal punctuation (i.e., they dont end in a period, comma, colon, or semicolon).9. Don't use a bulleted list for only one item. Numbered Lists and Bullet Lists: Why and How? Words that should not be capitalized include: A: In AP headline style, only the first word and proper nouns are capped. Colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or Unordered lists occasionally appear without bullets.8 However, strongly consider using bullets whenever possible because bullet-less list items can be difficult to identify on mobile devices with responsive text layouts. It's like APA style in that you capitalize the first word after a colon if it's the start of at least one complete sentence. I have a tendency to be very verbose when I write. Q: Great Depression is capitalized and so is American Revolution. A: Veterans benefits, lowercase and not a possessive, is usually a descriptive term. The phrase "she has decided" warns the reader that the next . If the elements are complex, uses commas for all. It makes it easier for your reader. Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase. This is clear, but AP doesnt fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. In this review, we'll further consider how the semicolon operates in forming lists that involve items in a series. A: Lowercase for post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, hepatitis C, etc. All rights reserved. Capitalize major words, e.g. Clean windows with a newspaper and . Q: Is it staff has or staff have? A: AP doesn't use italics in news stories. Punctuation A: Use "that" for a thing, "who" for the personal pronoun, although "that" also fits some human references. The CMS is commonly used in the publishing sphere, and AP style is more press-oriented . Dont use a period after bullet lists that are not complete sentences or do not complete the opening stem sentence. An updated list of units of measurement makes finding what you need a breeze. Your points should be consistent, either all sentences or all fragments. Government, including federal government and U.S. government. It also connects closely related thoughts. You can quickly convert your text or title to all caps by selecting the UPPER button on the tool. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. Let me frame my recommendations. The rules are fairly standard for title case: Making sure you have the right capitalization for APA headings is crucial for scholarly articles. That includes newspaper names and magazine references. Title case is the most common form of title and headline capitalization and is found in all four major title capitalization styles. Q: Is there a standard AP style for bulleted areas of text? For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: My favorite fruits include: oranges apples bananas dragon fruit My favorite fruits include: Oranges Apples Bananas Dragon fruit As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. And, as a guideline, wed suggest punctuating bullet points as follows: However, this again comes down to preference and your chosen style guide. That's . In AP style, the word that begins the list or series should generally only be capitalized if it is a proper noun. The idea is that the list reads like a single sentence, with semicolons separating each point, a conjunction just before the final entry, and a period at the end. nouns, pronouns, verbs. Our tool lets you convert the case of your text easily into sentence case. Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook, 9th Edition Capitalization Rules, Best Book Writing Software and Book Writing Apps, Cursive Text Generator , Buscador de palabras y descifrador de palabras, Select your title capitalization style above by clicking on a tab. Read this and other articles on English grammar, mechanics, and usage at Get It Write. The most accepted style guide in business writing and web publishing is the AP Stylebook. To see what I mean, read the lead-in word or phrase then read the first item on the list. There are two options for the punctuation of bulleted lists when the items are words or phrases. Bonus: We have some great shortcuts to make your life easier. Birth certificate . Beyond that, all three capitalize the first and last word of a title.