General Editors: David Bourget (Western Ontario) David Chalmers (ANU, NYU) Area Editors: David Bourget Gwen Bradford The Art et Liberté Group, founded by Georges Henein, Ramses Younan, Kamel El-Telmissany and Fouad Kamel, cultivated a vernacular artistic practice bound to Surrealism and international artistic debate. S’il n’avait pas d’imagination, l’homme ne pourrait faire son choix entre deux voies d’action possibles sans emprunter les deux, ou porter un jugement de valeur sur un de ses sentiments avant d’avoir ressenti le contraire. [1], The origins of Art et Liberté lie in a manifesto published by Henein and others on 22 December 1938 titled Vive L'Art Dégéneré! Loin de la vision romantique de l’art qui lui conférait plus d’importance qu’il n’en a en réalité, l’écrivain anglo-américain prône la vision shakespearienne de l’art qui tend un miroir à la nature. Musée national d’art moderne – Centre Pompidou. Artists exhibited included: Georges Henein, Ramses Younan, Kamel el-Telmissany, Fouad Kamel, Aida Shehata, Mohammed Sadek and Angelo de Riz with a contribution from Mahmoud Sa'id. L’art est une voie vers la liberté….et cela ne plait pas à tout le monde. Mais l'art est-il synonyme de liberté ? It was originally used as a demeaning term by Germany's Nazi Party in the Entartete Kunst exhibition as a way to ridicule modern art. Art et Liberté. C'est la deuxième année que j'ai l'occasion de travailler autour de cette oeuvre, qui permet dans une certaine mesure un lien avec l'enseignement moral et civique, et … Des univers variés et riches qui symbolisent la créativité et la singularité d’un lieu incontournable et atypique dans notre ville. Groupe Art et Liberté (Arabic: جماعة الفن والحرية‎) was an Egyptian artistic and political movement active from 1938 to 1948, about the time of the Second World War. A nationalist sentiment was brewing at the time which started out as being anti-British but eventually became anti-foreigners. Moving beyond the polarizing dichotomies of Saïdian Orientalism and post-colonial discourse, this exhibition sheds light on Art et Liberté’s negotiation of Surrealism, expanding our understanding of modernism at large, and advocating an inclusive vision of art history. Art et Liberté : Rupture, Guerre et Surréalisme en Égypte (1938–1948) est la première exposition consacrée au groupe Art et Liberté (jama’at al-fann wa al-hurriyyah), qui a rassemblé autour … Through their own definition of Surrealism, they achieved a contemporary literary and pictorial language that was as much globally engaged as it was rooted in local artistic and political concerns. Art et Liberté – Umbruch, Krieg und Surrealismus in Ägypten (1938–1948) 15.07. manifesto aligned itself with the modern artists whose work was being seized, censored and/or destroyed by the Nazi Party. Lisez ce Philosophie Note de Recherches et plus de 247 000 autres dissertation. [8] This ultimately harmed the Art and Liberty group since most of its members were either foreign-born or children of mutamassirun. En Allemagne, la liberté de la presse est ancrée dans la Loi fondamentale et la République fédérale la défend dans le monde entier. This would be the first and last time Henein exhibited a work of art since he was, first and foremost, a writer. "The Labour" newspaper wrote: "The themes of this school are for the most part the working classes... the disciples of this school avoid themes of the privileged classes with their sumptuous halls, luxuries and fineries."[11]. Its members called into question the academic and nationalist tendency of the bourgeois art that pervaded Egypt at the time, whilst also establishing artistic exchanges with … He left to attend the Sorbonne in Paris but eventually returned for the first time in 1930 to give a series of lectures on Futurism to the city's Italian-Egyptian community. le temps d’une présentation de leurs œuvres à l’Espace Art et Liberté. Large paintings Tout en Liberté by Liisa Corbière - Unique and original contemporary artworks on sale online and Galleries. « Art et Liberté » occupe une position d’autant plus marginale et inconfortable qu’il refuse de s’enfermer dans l’« égyptianité » tout en rejetant l’académisme occidental qui prévaut à l’Ecole des beaux-arts du Caire et au sein de la puissante Société des amis de l’art… Art Et Liberté. In 1937 they held the “Degenerate Art Exhibition” which displayed works of modern art. Groupe Art et Liberté (Arabic: جماعة الفن والحرية ‎) was an Egyptian artistic and political movement active from 1938 to 1948, about the time of the Second World War.Among the founders was the Surrealist poet Georges Henein; the group was based mostly but not exclusively on Surrealism. Though Art et Liberté was universalist in its philosophical convictions, the writing and visual art produced for the group’s five exhibitions and multiple publications—of which more than a hundred works and a … « Les États membres, reconnaissant le rôle essentiel de l’art dans la vie et le développement de la personne et de la société, se doivent en conséquence de protéger, défendre et aider les artistes et leur liberté … The Group played an active role within an international network of surrealist writers and artists spanning cities such as Paris, London, Mexico City, Santiago de Chile, New York, Beirut and Tokyo. Canvases, paintings, sculptures by contemporary artists. Fiche de préparation (séquence) pour les niveaux de CP, CE1, CE2, CM1 et CM2. [11] The art critic Richard Mouseiry for the newspaper Le Progrés Egyptien praised the group for pulling off the exhibition despite several obstacles that stood in their way. New artists included: Ibrahim Masoud, Lutfi Zaki, Kamel Youssef, Aziz Riad, Edwin Gallahan, Robert Meadley, and Kenneth Wood. Art et Liberté (Le violoniste) 49 x 35 cm. This is a new and gratifying indication of the connection between artists of the sister lands. Among the founders was the Surrealist poet Georges Henein; the group was based mostly but not exclusively on Surrealism. Pour les grecs, l’art ouvre un droit et un plaisir : la liberté de tout connaître et de prendre du plaisir à la rencontre du vrai. At the dawn of the Second World War and during Egypt’s colonial rule by the British Empire, Art et Liberté was globally engaged in its defiance of Fascism, Nationalism and Colonialism. Installation View from Musée national d’art moderne – Centre Pompidou. 252 Mitglieder von „Art et Liberté“ in der Maison des artistes, Darb el-Labbana, Zitadelle, um 1945, Unbekannter Fotograf, Courtesy: Sammlung Christophe Bouleau, Genf. Their show was described as a "violent revolution against order, beauty, and logic. Umbruch, Krieg und Surrealismus in Ägypten (1938-1948). With their own definition of surrealism, they achieved a contemporary literary and pictorial language that … Installation View from Kunstsammlung NRW. Art et Liberté: Rupture, War and Surrealism in Egypt (1938–1948) is the first comprehensive museum exhibition about the Art and Liberty Group (Art et Liberté – jama’at al-fann wal hurriyyah), a surrealist collective of artists, writers, and political activists living and working in Cairo between the late 1930s and late 1940s. 2 talking about this. L’art a deux valeurs : d’abord, il donne du plaisir, le plaisir de la curiosité futile ; ensuite, il élargit le champ de la liberté. Thirty artists participated. Kant, célèbre philosophe allemand du XVIIIe siècle, a écrit « la liberté est un joyau ». Art et Liberté was founded in Cairo at first to challenge the profoundly enthusiastic yearly Salon du Caire, which organized artists by nationality. Art et liberté ne vont donc pas de soi dans la mesure où l’art connaît des contraintes matérielles et l’artiste des conditions de création incarnées – il est soumis à des lois économiques, sociales, il … The show was name "Independent Art" in reference to the "Manifesto for an Independent Revolutionary Art" signed by André Breton and Diego Rivera but most likely written by Breton and Leon Trotsky. exhibition today; exhibitions city guide; biennials fairs; specials articles; artists curators; institutions galleries; show more results. Their first show was held at the Nile Gallery in Suliman Pasha Square in February 1940. Liberté se veut une véritable agora, en dehors de toute sphère d’influence, un lieu de débats aiguillonné … Beiträge über Art et Liberté von hraban57. The first show represented a fresh, new approach to art that had not yet been seen by the Egyptian public. [4] The group adopted the term "degenerate" as a badge of honor. Building on several years of in-depth academic and field research, this exhibition marks a historic presentation of this hitherto undocumented and little-known chapter in the art history of Surrealism and its negotiation within Egypt. As well, a reproduction of Picasso's Guernica was included in its first printing. Art et Liberté gave Egypt a major intellectual and artistic legacy that is illuminatingly presented in this exhibition with its comprehensive catalogue. Author: Art et liberté (Group of artists) Date: Between 1940 and 1949. https://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/en/exhibitions/art-et-liberte They often employed nationalist symbols of the fellahin and ancient Egypt. In preparation for the exhibition tour, many of the objects were part of a comprehensive restoration project to ensure the lasting preservation of the Group’s artistic and intellectual legacy. The interior was described as such: Pots of paint and plaster were scattered here and there... Fastened on the walls were hand silhouettes pointing towards an open door from which loud humming was escaping. Indéniablement, ils sont deux concepts très abstraits qui pour l'un dans l'absolu tend à se concrétiser, et, qui pour l'autre tend à devenir encore plus inaccessible. [6] Henein, Jean Moscatelli and Georges Santini were in attendance and caused an uproar in opposition to what Marinetti preached. Artists exhibited included: Mahmoud Sa'id, Fathy el-Bakri, Fouad Kamel, Samir Rafei, Saad el-Khadem, Rateb Sidik, Angelo de Riz, Suzy Green, Art Topalian, Aidabel, Hassia, and the Surrey brother who contributed photographs. 93. Since 1881 up until 1952, Egypt had been under British occupation. Art et Liberté: Rupture, War and Surrealism in Egypt (1938–1948) is the first comprehensive museum exhibition about the Art and Liberty Group (Art et Liberté – jama’at al-fann … Though Art et Liberté was universalist in its philosophical convictions, the writing and visual art produced for the group’s five exhibitions and multiple publications—of which more than a … In reuniting these artworks and documents for the first time, this historic exhibition charts a precise chronology and offers an all-encompassing presentation of Art et Liberté. (24 cm) Credit Line: Watson Library copy: Gift … Tate Liverpool is currently showing an exhibition Egyptian Surrealism. Their second show was held the year after in 1941. Their first manifesto was called "Long live degenerate art". Dimensions: 31 pages : illustrations ; Height: 9 7/16 in. Long live degenerate art The Egyptian art collective Art et Liberté were founded on 22nd December 1938. Künstler: Louis Gallait (belgisch, 1810 - 1887) Titel: Art et Liberté (Le violoniste) Medium: oil on panel Größe: 49 x 35 cm (19,3 x 13,8 in) Auktion: * Schätzpreis: * Preis: * Price Database * Melden Sie sich jetzt an, um Details zu diesem Werk und Zugang zu mehr als 10 Millionen Auktionsergebnissen zu erhalten. - Comprendre la notion d’œuvre d’art et à distinguer la valeur d’usage de la valeur esthétique des objets étudiés. Marinetti was born in Alexandria, Egypt which, at the time, had a large Italian population. Jul 2017 19:00. whatsapp facebook twitter mail. – 15.10.2017 K20 Grabbeplatz "Art et Liberté… Ainsi la Cène de Léonard de Vinci a été reprise par la publicité à plusieurs reprises ce qui a donné lieu à des polémiques et … "[11] Paintings were hung on the walls in unorthodox ways with clothespins and a hangman's noose. [1]:83, The group's initial formation was sparked by Henein's encounter with the Italian Futurist Filippo Marinetti. Die Ausstellung dokumentiert die Geschichte der heute fast vergessenen ägyptischen Künstlergruppe, die sich am Vorabend des Zweiten Weltkrieges 1938 in Kairo gegründet hat. ("Long Live Degenerate Art! Es ist die erste umfassende Museumsausstellung der in Kairo aktiven Gruppe Art et Liberté (Kunst und Freiheit, jama’at al-fann wa alhurriyyah). Malgré les articles 9 et 83 de la Loi sur l’accès aux documents des organismes publics et sur la protection des renseignements personnels (chapitre A-2.1), un renseignement ou un document fourni de plein gré à la Commission et … La lecture de Macbeth, par exemple, ne peut em… Bd. Cependant pour Platon, la priorité donnée aux Idées, aboutit à une hiérarchie entre … On peut dire que la liberté de l’art est, négativement, dans le fait de ne pas dépendre d’intérêts économiques, politiques, moraux ou religieux, de ne pas servir des fins étrangères. Qui dit liberté, dit liberté de choisir. Nourrie de travaux récents, la rencontre est dédiée au groupe Art et Liberté, collectif d’artistes à prédominance surréaliste actif au Caire entre 1938 et 1948, et à sa contribution à une nouvelle définition du surréalisme. Most of these hitherto unknown artworks and documents are publicly seen for the first time. They also rejected art as both propaganda and art for arts … Though Art et Liberté was universalist in its philosophical convictions, the writing and visual art produced for the group’s five exhibitions and multiple publications—of which more than a hundred works and a similar number of archival materials are on display at the Tate—responded to specific Egyptian concerns. So we must heartily congratulate Mr. Georges Henein, the instigator of this group of youths."[11]. Die Kunstsammlung NRW am Grabbeplatz in Düsseldorf blättert mit einer erhellenden Ausstellung ein fast unbekanntes, spannendes Kapitel der Kunstgeschichte auf. The fourth show, titled "For Independent Art," was held on Friday May 12th, 1944 in the dining hall of the Lyceé Francais School on Hawayaty Street in Babelouq, Cairo. Art et Liberté: Rupture, War and Surrealism in Egypt (1938–1948) Centre Pompidou, Paris, France. The night quickly descended into chaos and Henein, Moscatelli, Santini (and other writers later involved with Art et Liberté) eventually broke away from their associations with Les Essayistes club, which they had been involved with for several years, due to the club’s gradual alignment with Marinetti and fascism.[7]. - La promotion du cirque et des arts en général. Over 700 artworks which had been confiscated and seized by the Nazi Government, mainly Cubist, Dada and Surrealist, were shown with derogatory slogans painted on the walls.[10]. Art et Liberté: Umbruch, Krieg und Surrealismus in Ägypten (1938-1948) 15. "[11], The show was celebrated for exhibiting works which primarily dealt with themes and subjects of the working class, a far cry from the elitism of academic art. The Egyptian surrealists adopted the term “degenerate” as a badge of honor. For the exhibition, around 130 artworks and 200 archival documents were selected from over 50 private and public collections in 13 countries. It urged artists and writers to embrace the title of "Degenerate" art in the face of nationalism. Instead, what tied them together "was the belief in and practice of the spirit of freedom and renewal in art."[11]. Art et Liberté played an active role within an international network of surrealist writers and artists. Au sens politique, la liberté suppose l'existence de lois qui la protègent et l'organisent. … Art et révolution : La liberté guidant le peuple 23 novembre 2019 août 19th, 2020 La Liberté guidant le peuple est un tableau mondialement célèbre, une icône du combat pour la liberté. Arbres de la liberté. With their own definition of surrealism, they achieved a contemporary literary and pictorial language that was as globally engaged as it was rooted in local artistic and political concerns. Artists exhibited included: all the artists from the first show, Raymond Abner, Laurent Marcel Salinas, Eric de Nemes, Anne Williams, Art Topalian, Miss Behman, Amy Nimr, Hassia, Mrs. Baroukh and Abu Khalil Lutfy. Manifesto for an Independent Revolutionary Art, Egyptian Surrealism and "Degenerate Art" in 1939, When We Were Modern: Egyptian Surrealism: a Case-study in Global Modernity, "When Cavafy met Marinetti - European studies blog", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_et_Liberté&oldid=994749628, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Use list-defined references from March 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 10:06. "Art et Liberté – Umbruch, Krieg und Surrealismus in Ägypten (1938 – 1948)" ist die erste umfassende Museumsausstellung der in Kairo aktiven Gruppe "Art et Liberté" (Kunst und Freiheit). The photography section included: Khorshid, Ida Kar, Wadid Sirry, Aidabel, and Hassia. A BY Anna Wallace-Thompson in Reviews | 30 NOV 16 A guttural male voice greets you, evoking the Cairo of 1938, a heaving, roiling city on the brink of the social upheaval that World War II would bring. As well, it was Ramses Younan's final exhibition with the Art and Liberty Group. A travers cette citation, il a mis en évidence le fait que l’homme possède un … Photo: Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia. Groupe Art et Liberté (Arabic: جماعة الفن والحرية‎) was an Egyptian artistic and political movement active from 1938 to 1948, about the time of the Second World War. The Art et Liberté Group, founded by Georges Henein, Ramses Younan, Kamel El-Telmissany and Fouad Kamel, cultivated a vernacular artistic practice bound to Surrealism and international artistic debate. They were anti-fascist, anti-nationalism and anti-colonialist. Over the course of their ten year run, Art and Liberty organized five groups shows and individual one-man shows. Les rapports entre la religion, l’art, la liberté de création et la liberté d’expression sont complexes et sources de litiges. L’art ne pèse pas, et ne peut peser, sur le choix ou le jugement qui est finalement porté, il ne fait que le rendre plus conscient. Originally used by the Nazi Party as a way to ridicule art which they felt stood against the fascist ideals of the state. Founded on December 22, 1938 upon the publication of their manifesto Long Live Degenerate Art, the Group provided a restless generation of women and men of various social, ethnic and religious backgrounds, Egyptian and non-Egyptian alike, with a heterogeneous platform for cultural and political reform. 29 likes. L'art est par … Wystan Hugh Auden . The Long Live Degenerate Art! Most of the group's members were not Egyptian-born but foreign "Egyptianized" residents known as mutamassirun. "[11] Ahead of the shows opening, nearly ten thousand pamphlet invitations were distributed in order to attract the largest number of "educated youth." Its concept was more conceptual and experimental compared the first show. [11] Georges Henein submitted a work titled "The Murdered Poet." Mohammad Abdel Latif, Khalil Abduh, Salim Al-Habschi, Hussein Youssef Amin, Anonymous, Eric de Nemes, Angelo de Riz, Inji Efflatoun, Abdel Hadi El-Gazzar, Hassan El-Telmisani, Kamel El-Telmisany, Mamdouh Muhamad Fathallah, Thierry Formintelli, Georges Henein, Idabel, Ida Kar, Fouad Kamel, Abduh Khalil, Mahmoud Khalil, Ibrahim Massouda, Mayo, Robert Medley, Lee Miller, Hamed Nada, Amy Nimr, Roland Penrose, Maher Raef, Samir Rafi, Mahmoud Saïd, Laurent-Marcel Salinas, Saroukhan, Ahmed Sawwan, Rateb Seddik, Etienne Sved, Van Leo, Ramsès Younane, and Ramzi Zolqomah, Rupture, War and Surrealism in Egypt (1938–1948). Art et Liberté – Umbruch, Krieg und Surrealismus in Ägypten (1938 – 1948) ist die erste umfassende Museumsausstellung der in Kairo aktiven Gruppe "Art et Liberté" (Kunst und Freiheit). Il s’interroge ici sur les limites de la liberté et de l’art, leurs potentiels et leurs interactions. Ahead of it opening, Georges Henein wrote an article titled "Message of Free Art" in which he encourages the modern artist to persist in the face of fascist regimes that wish to stifle them. Art et Liberté: Rupture, War and Surrealism in Egypt (1938–1948) is the first comprehensive museum exhibition about Art et Liberté, a surrealist collective of artists and writers working in Cairo. K20/K21 - Kunstsammlung Nordrhein Westfalen. ");[3] it carried thirty-six signatures. Eine junge, rastlose Generation suchte hier nach politischen wie ästhetischen Antworten auf eine aus der Mitte des Okzidents heraus ins Mittelalter zurückdrehende Welt, radikal, ungestüm und linksrevolutionär. Art et Liberté: Rupture, War and Surrealism in Egypt (1938–1948) at the Centre Pompidou in Paris is the culmination of six years of research, initiated by guest curators Sam Bardaouil and Till … close. Während in Frankreich der Surrealismus seine Hoch-Zeit erlebte, formierte sich im vom britischen Empire kontrollierten Königreich Ägypten eine Künstler-Gruppe, die unter dem Namen Art et Liberté (Kunst und Freiheit) gegen Faschismus, Nationalismus und Kolonialismus kämpfte. Art et Liberté, du Mur de Berlin au Street Art Dans les années 80, Thierry Noir , Kiddy Citny et Christophe-Emmanuel Boucher ont marqué l’histoire du Street Art en mettant de la couleur et de la fantaisie sur le … This show is described as being "simpler and less peculiar"[11] than their previous shows, possibly foreshadowing the disbanding of the group only a couple of years later. L’Allemagne fait partie de la Media Freedom Coalition qui a appelé le 7 avril 2020 tous les pays à continuer à protéger l’accès aux médias libre s et à soutenir la liberté d’échanger des informations. [9] Art and Liberty formed in opposition to this nationalist sentiment which was growing in early twentieth century Egypt. Art et Liberté’s sense of liberty was augmented by the Fascist ideologies that, beyond their firm grip over Europe, had been on the rise in Egypt since the early 1930s. (19.3 x 13.8 in.) “Art et Liberté – Umbruch, Krieg und Surrealismus in Ägypten (1938–1948)” ist die erste umfassende Museumsausstellung zu der in Kairo aktiven Gruppe “Art et Liberté” (Kunst und Freiheit). Most of the artists exhibited were under thirty years old and many of them under twenty five. Art et Liberté - Umbruch, Krieg und Surrealismus in Ägypten (1938 – 1948) 15.07. Das surrealistische Kollektiv Art et Liberté (Kunst und Freiheit) war kurz vor Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Kairo aktiv; Schriftsteller und Bildende Künstler entwickelten hier einen weit politischeren Surrealismus als in Europa, der seine Kraft aus dem Kampf gegen Faschismus, Nationalismus und Kolonialismus zog. The group was officially formed on 19 January 1939, and brought together Henein and other Cairo Surrealists, such as Kamel el-Telmissany and Ramses Younan, with various anarchists and Marxists. Cette séquence est directement inspirée de celle proposée dans 15 séquences d’éducation citoyenne et … Editorial team. In one of the pamphlets entitled "We Are Still in Turmoil", Ramses Younan published his translation of Arthur Rimbaud's "A Season in Hell."[11]. Son langage vint bousculer le canon littéraire et … Samir Gharieb explains that not all of these artists were "surrealist" artists. Geography: Cairo, Egypt. Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Art et Liberté: Rupture, War and Surrealism in Egypt (1938–1948), Surrealism in Egypt: Modernism and the Art and Liberty Group. Art et Liberté played an active role within an international network of surrealist writers and artists. Ateliê de Arte. "[11] The exhibition was constructed like a maze, "set up in the shape of a mysterious passageway. The show was met with harsh reviews, particularly on the part of Jean Bastia who described the show as childish and accused its organizers of not taking the show seriously. The group countered with Surrealist presentations and works that rejected the relationship of art … [5] He returned for a second time in 1938 to give a lecture on Futurism at Les Essayistes literary club in Cairo on March 24. L’art est ainsi pour la revue une condition du politique; un lieu de parole plutôt qu’une spécialisation. Their work has been revered as the epitome of an Egyptian national style and they were considered "national heroes". Mais, que sont l'art et la liberté ? The group continued this practice of distributing large numbers of invitations for their other group shows. Voici quelques ressources, fiche artiste et fiche d'histoire de l'art pour travailler autour de la Marianne, Liberté, égalité, Fraternité de Shepard Fairey alias OBEY. Under the leadership of Gamal Abdel-Nasser, most of the mutamassirun were forced out of the country because of a hostile government. It was first published in both Arabic and French, which further established the group's cosmopolitan stance and their influence in European Surrealism. - Pouvoir faire référence à des œuvres d'art … Les systèmes religieux, politiques, commerciaux qui ont besoin de notre stupidité, de notre ignorance pour prospérer en nous contrôlant luttent depuis des siècles pour éradiquer, encadrer, maîtriser l’art. Art and Liberty's third group show occurred between Thursday May 21-30 at the Hotel Continental in Cairo in 1942. Au détour du triptyque art, révolte et liberté, nous mettrons en lumière les fondements de sa vision de l'absurde, telle qu'il la énoncée en filigrane dans l'ensemble de ses textes. The manifesto called for free expression which they felt was being threatened by fascist governments and growing nationalism. atelier associatif dédié à la pratique de la sculpture sur bois, au tournage sur bois et à la sculpture sur pierre Artists like Mahmoud Mukhtar and Mahmoud Sa'id have become known for their artwork which depicted local Egyptian life. Such artists mentioned in their manifesto include Pablo Picasso, Paul Cézanne, Paul Klee, and George Grosz. Installation View from Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. The Art et Liberté Group, founded by Georges Henein, Ramses Younan, Kamel El-Telmissany and Fouad Kamel, cultivated a vernacular artistic practice bound to Surrealism and international artistic debate.