[274] Over the past 50 years, an increasingly dense network of legislation has been created, extending to all areas of environmental protection, including air pollution, water quality, waste management, nature conservation, and the control of chemicals, industrial hazards, and biotechnology. It has been described by some as the Union's "supreme political authority". 16–22). [292] A directive on cross-border healthcare aims at promoting co-operation on health care between member states and facilitating access to safe and high-quality cross-border healthcare for European patients. [4], Eurostat's Eurobarometer opinion polls showed in 2005 that 52% of EU citizens believed in a god, 27% in "some sort of spirit or life force", and 18% had no form of belief. [311] One of the 27 is the President of the European Commission (Ursula von der Leyen for 2019–2024), appointed by the European Council, subject to the Parliament's approval. Containing some 5.8% of the world population in 2020,[d] the EU had generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around US$15.5 trillion in 2019,[8] constituting approximately 18% of global nominal GDP. In addition, the principle of subsidiarity requires that only those matters that need to be determined collectively are so determined. Nevertheless, in 1965 an agreement was reached and on 1 July 1967 the Merger Treaty created a single set of institutions for the three communities, which were collectively referred to as the European Communities. Men's Clothing Store . Suggest to this list. [222], The European Union is the largest exporter in the world[226] and as of 2008 the largest importer of goods and services. [citation needed] For example, in 2001 the commission for the first time prevented a merger between two companies based in the United States (GE and Honeywell) which had already been approved by their national authority. [ac] It was, until recently, operated by a system of subsidies and market intervention. [203], The predecessors of the European Union were not devised as a military alliance because NATO was largely seen as appropriate and sufficient for defence purposes. [201], Switzerland was called to vote on whether to end the agreement with European Union on the free movement of people, in September 2020. The currency union represents 342 million EU citizens. The most visible of these has been the Erasmus Programme, a university exchange programme which began in 1987. Here's the most common abbreviation. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where members have agreed to act as one. The Union has also established agencies to co-ordinate police, prosecutorial and immigrations controls across the member states: Europol for co-operation of police forces,[190] Eurojust for co-operation between prosecutors,[191] and Frontex for co-operation between border control authorities. Union Européenne. [49] His ideas influenced his contemporaries, among which then Prime Minister of France Aristide Briand. Galileo is a proposed Satellite navigation system, to be built by the EU and launched by the European Space Agency (ESA). The only institution empowered to propose legislation, serves as the "Guardian of the Treaties". [297] In 2018, the EU region with the highest life expectancy was Madrid, Spain at 85.2 years, followed by the Spanish regions of La Rioja and Castilla y León both at 84.3 years, Trentino in Italy at 84.3 years and Île-de-France in France at 84.2 years. Check out variant for Union Européenne abbreviation in Droit. [210], Following the Kosovo War in 1999, the European Council agreed that "the Union must have the capacity for autonomous action, backed by credible military forces, the means to decide to use them, and the readiness to do so, in order to respond to international crises without prejudice to actions by NATO". Article 39 (ex Article 33) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, on. The largest metropolitan area in the EU is Paris,[90] followed by Madrid, Barcelona, Berlin, the Ruhr, Rome, and Milan, all with a metropolitan population of over 4 million. [216] The EU's external action financing is divided into 'geographic' instruments and 'thematic' instruments. [e] This political philosophy of a supra-national rule over the continent, similar to the example of the ancient Roman Empire, resulted in the early Middle Ages in the concept of a renovatio imperii ("restoration of the empire"),[29] either in the forms of the Reichsidee ("imperial idea")[30] or the religiously inspired Imperium Christianum ("christian empire"). The independent European Research Council allocates EU funds to European or national research projects. Laws made by the EU institutions are passed in a variety of forms. In addition, both are official languages of several EU member states. Catholics are the largest Christian group, accounting for 45.3% of the EU population, while Protestants make up 11.1%, Eastern Orthodox make up 9.6%, and other Christians make up 5.6%. [158] "Administration" accounts for around 6%. The European Constitution in the Making. This entails a partial delegation of sovereignty to the institutions in return for representation within those institutions, a practice often referred to as "pooling of sovereignty".[119][120]. These are areas in which member states have renounced any capacity to enact legislation. [246][aa], The euro, and the monetary policies of those who have adopted it in agreement with the EU, are under the control of the European Central Bank (ECB). and Upper Silesian area (Katowice, Ostrava et al.). The main legal acts of the EU come in three forms: regulations, directives, and decisions. [158] Next comes "agriculture" with approximately 31% of the total. [318]:1 Within the EU enlargement process, guaranteeing media freedom is named a "key indicator of a country's readiness to become part of the EU". .eu is representative of the whole of the EU; member states also have their own TLDs. [320][321] ARTE is a public Franco-German TV network that promotes programming in the areas of culture and the arts. [250] Around 46% of the energy consumed was produced within the member states while 54% was imported. The following timeline outlines the legal inception of the European Union (EU)—the principal framework for this unification. Pour des questions de lisibilité, les noms officiels ont été raccourcis: - Grand-Duché du Luxembourg -> Luxembourg - République tchèque -> Tchéquie The expansion of the EU introduced a new level of complexity and discord. [...] profound knowledge of the European Union and the way it works. [279] The European Green Capital is an annual award given to cities that focuses on the environment, energy efficiency, and quality of life in urban areas to create smart city. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. Add to My List Notwithstanding its different configurations, it is considered to be one single body. This international dimension is reflected in the EU's Sixth Environmental Action Programme,[277] which recognises that its objectives can only be achieved if key international agreements are actively supported and properly implemented both at EU level and worldwide. [105] Catalan, Galician and Basque are not recognised official languages of the European Union but have semi-official status in one member state (Spain): therefore, official translations of the treaties are made into them and citizens have the right to correspond with the institutions in these languages. Atlas Alu-tec 360 - EN ISO 20345 S1 - W10, Unisex - Erwachsene Sicherheitsschuhe, Gr. Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin (OJ L 180, 19 July 2000, pp. CZ - Czech Republic 6. The ombudsman is elected by the European Parliament for the length of the Parliament's term, and the position is renewable. Of the top 500 largest corporations in the world measured by revenue in 2010, 161 had their headquarters in the EU. Compagnie Generale des Matieres Nucleaires SACD. In 2012, its budget amounted to €874 million, 51% of the budget went to Africa and 20% to Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Pacific, and 20% to the Middle East and Mediterranean. [19] The EU traces its origins to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), established, respectively, by the 1951 Treaty of Paris and 1957 Treaty of Rome. [145][146][147] The commission is 'guardian of the Treaties' and is responsible for their efficient operation and policing. Create New Account. In the decades following the outcomes of the Congress of Vienna,[43] ideals of European unity flourished across the continent, especially in the writings of Wojciech Jastrzębowski (1799–1882)[44] or Giuseppe Mazzini (1805–1872). and Corcelle, G. (1989) The Environmental Policy of the European Communities, Graham & Trotman, London, Cases C-403/08 and C-429/08, Opinion of Advocate General Kokott, para 207, Riché, Preface xviii, Pierre Riché reflects: "[H]e enjoyed an exceptional destiny, and by the length of his reign, by his conquests, legislation and legendary stature, he also profoundly marked the history of Western Europe. In 2009, the EU had an estimated Muslim population of 13 million,[115] and an estimated Jewish population of over a million. [86] In 2017, approximately 825,000 people acquired citizenship of a member state of the European Union. Before this, three territories of member states had left the EU or its forerunners. In the Elections to the European Parliament in 2019, the green parties increased their power, possibly because of the rise of post materialist values. [319], The majority of media in the European Union are national-oriented, although some EU-wide media focusing on European affairs have emerged since the early 1990s, such as Euronews, Eurosport, EUobserver, EURACTIV or Politico Europe. Different legislative procedures are used within the same category of competence, and even with the same policy area. The legal basis for EU environmental policy was established with the introduction of the Single European Act in 1987. [107] Already in 2004, it was planned that Turkish would become an official language when Cyprus reunites. The bull is, for its part, depicted on all residence permit cards. [234] The euro is the second largest reserve currency as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar.[235][236][237]. The EU and European citizenship were established when the Maastricht Treaty came into force in 1993. [113] Discussion over the draft texts of the European Constitution and later the Treaty of Lisbon included proposals to mention Christianity or a god, or both, in the preamble of the text, but the idea faced opposition and was dropped.[114]. This process applies to nearly all areas, including the EU budget. To dispose of surplus stores, they were often sold on the world market at prices considerably below Community guaranteed prices, or farmers were offered subsidies (amounting to the difference between the Community and world prices) to export their products outside the Community. In 1987 the European Political Cooperation was introduced on a formal basis by the Single European Act. They also signed another pact creating the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for co-operation in developing nuclear energy. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. [p] Directives require member states to achieve a certain result while leaving them discretion as to how to achieve the result. [u] The Lisbon Treaty and Protocol 14 to the ECHR have changed this: the former binds the EU to accede to the convention while the latter formally permits it. In 2004, the EU saw its biggest enlargement to date when Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the Union.[72]. The budget included a covid recovery fund of €750 billion. DK - Denmark 8. The charter is a codified catalogue of fundamental rights against which the EU's legal acts can be judged. Federalism and European union: The building of Europe, 1950–2000. September 1946", "Europe: How The Marshall Plan Took Western Europe From Ruins To Union", "A peaceful Europe – the beginnings of cooperation", "Discover the former Presidents: The Rey Commission", "1980–1989 The changing face of Europe – the fall of the Berlin Wall", "European Parliament announces new President and Foreign Affairs Minister", "Nobel Committee Awards Peace Prize to E.U", "Croatia: From isolation to EU membership", "Britain Votes to Leave E.U., Stunning the World", "At the Stroke of Brexit, Britain Steps, Guardedly, Into a New Dawn", "Population on 1st January by age, sex and type of projection", "Share of world population, 1960, 2015 and 2060 (%)", "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", "6.5% of the EU population are foreigners and 9.4% are born abroad", "Migration and migrant population statistics", https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do, "Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions - Eurostat", "Despite Brexit, English Remains The EU's Most Spoken Language By Far", "Europeans and Their Languages, 2012 Report", "Council Regulation (EC) No 1791/2006 of 20 November 2006", "Languages in Europe – Official EU Languages", "Appendix 5: Written Evidence of Advocate General Sharpston", "Translation Adds Complexity to European Central Bank's Supervisory Role: ECB Wants Communication in English, But EU Rules Allow Use of Any Official Language", "The Application of multilingualism in the European Union Context", "European Parliament Fact Sheets: 4.16.3. Language policy", "Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Executive Summary)", "Many tongues, one family. The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [247] The ECB is the central bank for the eurozone, and thus controls monetary policy in that area with an agenda to maintain price stability. The unanimity and difficult issues treated under the CFSP sometimes lead to disagreements, such as those which occurred over the war in Iraq. In 2006, the EU-27 had a gross inland energy consumption of 1,825 million tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). [x] In more recent years, these have been supplemented by powers to legislate against discrimination based on race, religion, disability, age, and sexual orientation. [196], The coordinator and representative of the CFSP within the EU is the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy who speaks on behalf of the EU in foreign policy and defence matters, and has the task of articulating the positions expressed by the member states on these fields of policy into a common alignment. The creation of a European single currency became an official objective of the European Economic Community in 1969. 187, Avenue de l'Europe 01 BP 352 Ouagadougou 01 Burkina Faso Téléphone: (226) 25 49 29 00 Examples of such alliances include the Visegrad Group, Benelux, the Baltic Assembly, the New Hanseatic League, the Weimar Triangle, the Lublin Triangle, EU Med Group and the Craiova Group. Against the blue sky of the Western world, the stars symbolise the peoples of Europe in a form of a circle, the sign of union. [248], The European System of Financial Supervision is an institutional architecture of the EU's framework of financial supervision composed by three authorities: the European Banking Authority, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority and the European Securities and Markets Authority. The landscape, climate, and economy of the EU are influenced by its coastline, which is 65,993 kilometres (41,006 mi) long. [183] Any EU citizen or entity may appeal to the ombudsman to investigate an EU institution on the grounds of maladministration (administrative irregularities, unfairness, discrimination, abuse of power, failure to reply, refusal of information or unnecessary delay). [296] In general, life expectancy is lower in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe. In higher education, the policy was developed in the 1980s in programmes supporting exchanges and mobility. [85], In 2010, 47.3 million people who lived in the EU were born outside their resident country. Rail transport in Europe is being synchronised with the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), an initiative to greatly enhance safety, increase efficiency of trains and enhance cross-border interoperability of rail transport in Europe by replacing signalling equipment with digitised mostly wireless versions and by creating a single Europe-wide standard for train control and command systems. Entspricht der Atlas permanent de l union européenne der Qualitätsstufe, die ich als zahlender Kunde in diesem Preisbereich haben möchte? Please enable it to continue. According to new polls about religiosity in the European Union in 2015 by Eurobarometer, Christianity is the largest religion in the European Union, accounting for 71.6% of the EU population.

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