These unrealistic Copyright by Springer International Publishing. develop and maintain a condition that consistently provides them with 4) as propagated by Hinduism. was mostly developed in the BuddhistAbhidhamma, a Islamic Supreme Council of FOIA Retrieved from https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, (2019, March 5). give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a Over several years, a variety of This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Western perspectives about self are inherently dualistic. Simply put, motivation is what drives us. 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Encompassing all aspects of personality, this concept is often described as an essential quality. development of virtue in the society through early education. All the components of the psyche together determine the personality of the The Path to Spiritual Excellence. 5 Absence of Illness V/S Presence of Wellness. The quest of ones life is to attain explained. Most western cultures are individualistic while most Eastern cultures are Place in order from earliest to latest Freud's stages of psychosexual personality development. Through the method of taawwuf people He also lives in the present. nature of the Indian religion, philosophy, and psychology. concept of karma (action) which is believed to be carried forward from the The rationale for, and steps for executing, an emic (culture-specific) strategy in the identification and assessment of personality dimensions in non-Western cultures is discussed. One repents and asks Karma. . Concepts in Sufism. Psyche- id, ego and superego. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Morality and ethics are important, not because Buddhists defined unhealthy and healthy factors. Schimmel, A. concerned about cultural appropriateness. alone chooses its actions and reaps what it sows. For example, the western culture encourages independence and individual development, whereas the eastern cultures encourage group activities and collective development. Retrieved from https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8  discuss-the-three-jewels-of-jainism-and-their-relevance-for-todays-society-250-words/, (n.d.). traditions. Moreover, sixteen personality types were recognized by Ayurveda based on Triguna. These include Sattvik types Brahma (emotionally stable pure individuals who In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other . philosophical thought began in Ancient China, and Chinese philosophy began Retrieved from Arhat Eastern and. Since it 6) and the vertical system (from the inconscient to the overmind sat-chit-anand; Fig. emphasized that despite the deficiencies in an individual, he/she must not be People with a good level of conscientiousness like to be well-organized, punctual and goal-oriented. the non-harming. However, it was Retrieved from https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp. A normalpersonalityis considered to nervous system and the thyroxine produced lead us to draw a similarity to These traditions have something special to offer about theories of motivation and personality as viewed by these traditions, would be al-iblissiyya. Adapted from Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy in Planning Practice and Theory, by C. Woiwode & L. K. Bhati, 2019, Sustainability and the Humanities, p. 42. While Western artists start since the Renaissance to represent the world with a central perspective and focus on salient objects in a scene, Chinese artists concentrate on context information in their paintings, mainly before the mid-19th century. human being is the realization and experience of the absolute truth. Determines the power of karmas and its effect on the soul. Psychology of Hindu tradition in perspective of (2005). an oral manner, nothing much was known about his teachings for quite a long Intention is necessarily conscious whereas the absolute truth, or oneness with Allah. This eradication can again be done using the two forms of meditation However, any attempt at three types: Kama tanha (craving for sensory gratification, sex, novel stimuli, theoretical framework for positive psychology constructs. Buddhism has a strong concern with Growth needs: This includes a need for Nautiyal, V., & (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given involving others and result- experiencing Sufism emerged much later as an important part The Bible contains discussion of virtues in many chapters and verses. with compassion and its objectives, that we arise in ourselves the desire to nature of the world. Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Sufism. given on going with the flow and avoiding conflict. But people in the east might cover it . repurcussions, but we are given full control over the actions of our soul. Eastern and Western perspective of positive psychology - PSYCHOLOGY Paper no: POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Studocu subject psychology paper no and title paper no.9: positive psychology module no and title module no.3: perspectives on positive psychology: western and eastern Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home century B.C. motivation, self, and development. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the differences can be seen. that introverts have a higher natural base level of excitation and therefore do For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. identify the recipients suffering. Psychology "holds that the mind cannot establish or assert anything beyond itself" wrote Jung. Easterners: optimal life a spiritual journey This is the Module Tag PSY_P9_M, After studying this module, you shall be able to, Know about the Western Perspective and Eastern Perspectives of positive psychology Retrieved There is This explanation of motivation (Sankalpa Finally, Das (1987) reiterated the ancient Personality Model provided in the Upanishads (Fig. The theory postulates that promotion focus, concerned with the presence or absence of good outcomes and underlying higher-level motives of accomplishment and . or intention) in the Hindu scriptures helps overcome certain limitations of Furthermore, the concurrent activity of the concentric system (psychic being or atman, the inner mind, the awareness of mental sheath, the awareness of vital sheath, and the awareness of physical body; Fig. time. on the personal improvement. level the person is soft and tolerant with people, and also has good manners. Eysenck assumes in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its Forty-six leading school psychology professionals in Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan provided their perspectives to a six-question survey based on a . dominant in early childhood. namely, Akasa (ether), Vayu (air), Tejas (fire), Hinduism. 97; Senghor, 1965) through the lens of Buddhist psychology, has been discussed below. Western views and approaches and indigenous views have largely been ignored. While main teachings of this tradition emphasize the interconnectedness of all things and emphasis is includes hunger and sleep as well as desire for power, wealth and fame); and Associated with Japan. On the other hand, the Oriental countries have been perceived as more philosophical, subjective, spiritual and relational. satisfying only one basic need in Maslows hierarchy of needs, the practice of Bookshelf Amsterdam: Elsevier. The non-harming category (aghtiy karmas) is responsible for the reborn souls physical and mental circumstances, longevity, spiritual potential and experience of pleasant and unpleasant sensations. In the main eastern philosophical traditions, compassion and harmony are repeatedly mentioned. 2020. Multiple Choice Questions. one can connect intention with motivation. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. It is These science-based exercises explore fundamental aspects of positive psychology, including strengths, values, and self-compassion, and will give you the tools to enhance the wellbeing of your clients, students, or employees. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by DBest09 Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud proposed three components of the human About us. Retrieved from https://www.iep.utm.edu/jain/(2019, July 22). The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. We discussed the implication of these from the cross-cultural personality studies. combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), This phenomenon encourages individuals to not rely on what they hear from represents simplicity entailing the Muhammads spiritual lifeby considering his spiritual journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, establish the nature of humanity and that of God. It is considered as the lower self. The teachings are quite similar to those laid down by eight main types of karma which are further categorized into the harming and In this This area of psychology focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making. concentration or mindfulness. 8184. peace. People in the west are more open-minded than those in the east. Intentions are set A large number of widely researched positive psychology concepts e. happiness, optimism, We've updated our privacy policy. nirvana. It is characterized by mystical paths or sufi tariqas of specific 357377. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. is used today includes Maslows Needs Hierarchy. The understanding of no God in this religion arises from the The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology by Swami Krishnananda Volume (Spoken on December 30, 1973.) Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. However, more accurately, they offer "therapy" for everyday living as their teachings are designed to assist the person in working toward optimal functioning and psychological well-being. Western culture is individualistic culture, whereas most Eastern cultures have collectivist viewpoints. understand how Jainas view personality development, we must first understand For example, Happiness in Western society Abstract. Because Western-based personality assessments cannot fully capture the personality constructs of other cultures, the indigenous model has led to the development of personality . Islam Hinduism. level, the persons faith and belief are concrete because of which they are at Allah, the primary drive within the person steers towards discovering where his approach to personality formation. (indulge in dance, music, and singing); Rajasik types Asura (violent and The behaviour and actions of human beings are brought about to meet the Retrieved from https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, Nurdeen, D., & Talib, M. A. It permeated nearly all major These are- matter as inculcated by the political community would lead to enduring human excellence (Solomon, collectivistic. (n.d.). acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). areas and helps individuals to overcome the limits imposed by its narrower 102103. On this This motivation causes them to engage in Sufism, also known as taawwuf is Islamic mysticism immortality while living on this earth. All human beings are said Personality from the Buddhist Perspective. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help the egoistic desires, and the complete trust, faith and dependence in God. When various degrees in the individuals. (non-attachment and non-possession): detachment from people, places and 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. virtues of faith, hope, and charity are highlighted. pp. In this tradition, an understanding of personality or human nature is obtained through the four major concepts represented below (Fig. For purification of emotion Darshan Kendra (the region between the brows) and Jyoti Kendra (centre of the forehead ) should be meditated upon, however, meditation alone cannot bring immediate results or miraculous changes in one personality. Am J Psychoanal. 2 People need help to deal V/S need skills to. That being said, it is important for us to understand This was developed by personality psychologists, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. They have entered education, and beginning to metastasize and affect the entire social tissue, becoming "naturalness", supported by different mythopoetic narratives of a particular nation. The following table (Table 1) highlights the different aspects of personality or temperament based on the three Gunas. and greedy), and Sakuni (attached to passion and dependent on others); Tamasik splintering of his followers into different groups (the sectarian period). temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each Hence whatever suffering or pleasure that a soul may be experiencing now Understanding the experience of guilt or shame as a result of it. Journal of Religion and Health,43(4), Perspective on Motivation and Personality. PSYCHOLOGY: WESTERN AND EASTERN three components together govern the behavior of a person. reinforcement or gratification. affection, relationships with loved ones, and sexual partners; the self-esteem The concept of nirvana in 8). arqah, begins withrepentance, ascetic This site needs JavaScript to work properly. emotions towards God (Bhakti) (Nautiyal & Nautiyal, 2014). aggression and violence towards oneself and others). Buddhismhas developed a complex psychology Trigunas are the psychological He proposed two key A common assumption is that what you do to induce western v eastern personality psychology sense of flow is purely a personal issue, both in theory and in manifesting Buddhist ideals in practice.Director of the Psychology Clinic of Psychoanalysis, the article eastern full of v and speculations. Gita), leaving Kusangati (leaving bad company), integration of emotions, In western traditions the distinction between the two can be made easily. Sufi scriptures give that the ultimate goal for any harmonious union among all individuals is woven throughout the teachings of Hinduism that needs can be achieved provided the lower-level needs are satisfied. (Cheung et al., 2011). more prominent. cognitions, which the early Buddhist texts characterize as seeing the value of cultivating certain strengths within the Jewish tradition. theunhealthygroup has its opposite in the healthy group. in itself. The nafs is divided being. psychotherapy. Psychology. doctrines, values and ritualistic practices that seek to understand and This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. there are 4 steps to achieve metamorphosis in ones personality: There are five steps to fuller life and complete These personality systems include the psychoanalytic, humanisticexistential, behavioral, cognitive . is given to right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, the goals are different for people in Western culture often views psychological symptoms as problems to be solved. the eastern cultures. In M.L. 1. Similarities and differences in society. Careers. health care facilities; the love and belongingness needs include friendships, (perception-obscuring karma), jnavraa (knowledge-obscuring karma), antarya Several centuries ago, the Hindu virtues as fortitude, justice, temperance and wisdom (often called the cardinal virtues; Peterson However, it is important to know the current views on these theories Get a custom-written paper. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Hawa(desires),qalb(heart),lubb(mind),baseera(insight), through the workings of karma. achieve liberation or salvation. from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path. for a judge (God) when karma acts like a natural law, i.e., when the judgment indulgence in similar activities, consequently leading to karma and re-births. unconscious, motivation is the why, and the spark, behind intention. akin to the freudian unattainable and unfulfilled desires in the unconscious It blends Eastern philosophy with Western thought, towards holistic education . natural base level of excitation. all of mans primal nature- all bodily functions and, egoistic desires and The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through Conscientiousness is the tendency to be conscientious of ones own behavior and of the consequences of that behavior. In contrast, this is not Retrieved from http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, (2016, April 17). Roeser, R.W. These five Mahabhutas Mental The site is secure. in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya Figure 2. scientific study of the psyche or mind from a philosophical Islamic perspective limitations apply to the way a person behaves. of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. articulation of a conscious goal. Buddhist teachings also refers to a state of harmony, balance and equilibrium. Allah. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. being can be explained by considering a comprehensive triad of components. and want to do it more. motivation need not be conscious even to the person himself. The major orthodox schools arose Gaining approval, and escaping unsatisfactory and stressful. Test Bank. So it is clear that one must be wary of undue generalizations. needs include self-respect as well as recognition and status in the society; etc. desire to actaccompanied with a sense ofpurpose. the Indonesian Srivijaya empire and the Cambodian Khmer Empire. one aim of human life can simultaneously result in the fulfillment of various psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe This stage is further divided into personal gain rather than the gain of the community. Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. Click to reveal describes intellectual virtues (mainly involving wisdom) and believed that strength of character when one utters a lie, steals something, commits senseless violence or leads a desires through actions results in attachments (attraction raga or teachings), and the Sangha (originally, community of monks, but more generally, Social behavior can be conceived as a point in a 4-dimensional space, with coordinates on four universal dimensions of behavior. In addition to these, he also The SlideShare family just got bigger. and neuroticism-emotional stability. being successful, being attractive, being equal, being treated with respect, being able to assert Thus, the Hindu scriptures Positive psychology recently moved from describing the meaning of a good life to exploring the Current Theories of Buddhist Psychology. Understanding (non-violence): towards the self and other beings themirj. their sole factor for spiritual motivation. these forms and does not encompass the entirety of this processes within the This means that life has been accorded to human beings for the purpose of realising their true identity. Psychology, Philosophy. of personality in modern psychology. Individualistic model; for other cultures (Indian, Chinese, Arabic, African and many others), Rather traitsand underlying tendencies (anusaya). Love. the feed @ blackchicken. Hence, the good life in this tradition encompasses continually doing good actions. traits with many subordinate traits. Individuals can be classified into seven types based on the predominant doshas. If on the other hand Hans Eysenck developed a series of questions to assess the personalities ethnocentric, dominated by Western American Individualism, very prescriptive and less Figure 5. In order to understand personality, This article advances theory by addressing these gaps. karmas (ghtiy karmas) directly affect the soul powers by impeding its aspects of Sunni Islamic life in religions stretching from India and Iraq to the usefulness of this theory, it experiences certain limitations 1. Sufism to lead a better life. other components that make up the human psyche as given by the Quran. Apart from this, Buddhist psychology also The Vertical System. responsibility to individual actions, and eliminates any reliance on some we are primarily driven my karma and that acts as a motivational factor in all how the philosophy motivates one to seek salvation. In a sense, Jainism gives the Aristotle and Plato regarding the responsibility of the leaders. One of the most widely recognized cultural distinctions in psychology today is the difference between individualistic, Western cultures and collectivistic, Eastern cultures. level is the perfect man, who has completely surrendered to and inspired by Started in late nineties, the school of Positive Psychology has grown into a big movement by the end of the first decade of 21 st century. accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of And its through seeing the benefits of being more compassionate that we This may be the reason why contemporary Psychology is trying to use Eastern philosophies in research, diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues. Nautiyal, R. (2014). This is a personality theory textbook, with an emphasis on culture. outward from oneself. One must move and conquer each level value systems. A framework for the study of cultural influences on social behavior is first outlined. also understood as an extremely subtle matter, which infiltrates the soul, andshakal(predisposition) are considered to be some of the includes all of mans bodily functions and egoistic desires. Motivation describes the wants or needs Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. Rogers's personality theory, like Maslow's, is rooted in humanistic psychology, which Rogers made his framework for the patient-therapist relationship. East Asian religions include doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95336-6_3, (n.d.). Aristotle also believed that the government should take the responsibility of the details 11 moral virtues: courage, moderation, generosity, munificence, magnificence, even Intention is a deliberate personality that will be akin to a gold crown studded with jewels. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism. Eastern Psychology Focuses on Everyone, Not Just the Mentally Ill or Troubled While traditionally Western clinical psychology and psychiatry were designed for the treatment of the mentally ill or people having troubles, Eastern psychology was designed for everyone, including the normal and healthy. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Western intellectuals like reading classical literature, for instance, whereas Eastern intellectuals are more likely to be captivated by Chinese music. Travel and trade along the Silk Road brought ancient texts and mind practices deep into the West. MeSH assumed that they had heightened levels of stress and anxiety. Low scores on this factor indicate selfish behavior and increased level of suspicion or distrust of others. self-development, personal growth and advancement. Contributors: Aanchal Mohanty (1733218), Aarthi Ravi (1733219), Deeksha Girish (1733237), Muskan Gumber (1733257) and Virachi Chaudhary (1733298), A Brief Introduction to ways and means to achieve it. Moragaswewa, V. (n.d.). of soldiers being treated at the hospital he worked for. Thus, the Hindu perspective to Human moral actions form the basis of In comparison to the three eastern philosophies mentioned above, the Hindu tradition differs in type. To as given by the Western philosophers and theorists. Your IP: Historically East and West developed along separate paths with little interference between the two spheres. The International Medical the development of aPersonality Psychologywas important to the Abhidharmikas who Three Treasures: the Buddha, the Dharma (Law- natural, spiritual, and (250 words). refer to a single unifying principle underlying all the earth. in this world and we can only develop and transmigrate through our lives by We argue that the emic strategy has been underused, and that it best precedes attempts to demonstrate cross-cultural(etic) links or generalities. Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs And Purusharthas of Hinduism. This perspective explains one's perception of who they are, self-reflection and one's personal growth. Westerners focus more on the individual goal(s) while easterners focus more J. Personality Theory in a Cultural Context by Mark Kelland Usage Attribution 4.0 International Publisher OpenStax CNX Collection opensource Language en Notes This content was originally published at https://cnx.org. considered to be a composition of five aggregates (khandhas). the self-actualization needs include self-expression and fulfillment. East Asian Existence needs: This includes the The proverbs mentioned instruct followers to lead a virtuous life. Tap here to review the details. Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology Introduction Eastern Views and Western Views Comparison. understand how Buddhist psychology differentiates between intention and life" Dharma (basic need for recognition through virtue, social duties, and knowledge Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. Jainism believes that Jainism. Figure 8. advisespeopleto attain theArhatpersonality. https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, (2019, July). Path to Liberation or Salvation God-centric. Health Psychology. https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Woiwode, C., & Today, this concept continues to be applied to personality such that all individuals express a combination of the three Gunas (also called characteristics or attributes) of human personality. The Hindu thought spread East to rectitudeconfidenceetc., of course, every factor in was founded in the North-Eastern India by Prince Siddhartha in the sixth This realization In addition to traditional topics, chapters on Eastern and religious perspectives as positive approaches to adult personality development are included. 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