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These maps are based on only one Cascadia scenario. Those Hollywood depictions of a. A Puget Sound Fault running down the center of Puget Sound (and Vashon Island) was once proposed,[220] but seems to have not been accepted by the geological community. Although Washington State's Puget Sound has been shaken every few decades, damage in the region's largest cities, including Seattle, Tacoma and Olympia, has only ever been modest. If the entire 125km length ruptured in a single event the resulting earthquake could be as large as magnitude 7.5. These lineaments have been associated with possible zones of faulting in the crust and subducting plate.[212]. 64, on-line) that the edge of the Crescent Formation offsets west along the Seattle Fault, with the Seattle Basin resulting from a gap between the main part of Siletiza and a northern block that has broken away. [5] The southern limit nearly matches the southern limit of the glaciation; possibly the seismicity reflects rebound of the upper crust after being stressed by the weight of the glacial ice. But the western segment the Devils Mountain Fault has left-lateral movement. Document name Date Description Additional versions; 2809: 4/1/2021: . On the east, the Devils Mountain Fault connects with the south striking Darrington Fault (not shown) which runs to the OWL, and the Southern Whidbey Island Fault extends via the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone (dashed line) to the OWL. Earthquakes occur nearly every day in Washington. Strands of the east-striking Devils Mountain Fault cross the northern tip of Whidbey Island at Dugualla Bay and north side of Ault Field (Whidbey Island Naval Air Station). [197] This anticline, or uplifted fold, and the narrower width of the northern part of the SWCC, reflects an episode of compression of this formation. OLYMPIA, Wash. - A 9. At the edge of this older rock is the Rogers Belt, a geologically interesting zone running from the area of Sultan (due east of Everett) to Mount Vernon (just north of the bend in the Devils Mountain Fault). Seismic waves transmit the energy From the north these are (see the map at right): The Hood Canal Fault (and its possible extensions) and Saddle Mountain faults to the west are believed to form the western boundary to all this. These include (from north to south, see map) the: Devils Mountain Fault Strawberry Point and Utsalady Point faults Southern Whidbey Island Fault (SWIF) But it does not appear that there have been studies of the deeper structure of these faults, or whether there has been any recent activity. Publication Year: 2010: Title: A magnitude 7.1 earthquake in the Tacoma Fault Zone A plausible scenario for the southern Puget Sound region, Washington: DOI: 10.3133/fs20103023: Authors: Review for American Spirit to U.S.A. Gilliancruise. [182], The Doty Fault the southernmost of the uplift-and-basin dividing faults reviewed here, and located just north of the Chehalis Basin is one of nearly a dozen faults mapped in the CentraliaChehalis coal district in 1958. The alternative, that younger faulting in the Rogers Belt has offset the DMF Cheney argued that the MVF had offset the DMF 47km. 1958 and Geologic Map GM-34 for details.). ", Because of the geometry of the SWIF and the Kingston arch, the "uplift of unknown origin" between them is smaller, and the fault separating the uplift from the arch (the Lofall Fault, discovered relatively recently by, Strictly speaking the southern edge of the Black Hills Uplift would be the southeast striking Scammon Creek Fault that converges with the east striking Doty Fault at Chehalis. Nor does this uplift delineate any significant basin between it and the Devils Mountain Fault. PNSN staff will continue to develop this section of the web site but to find more good information now, visit these resources: to the north, past Lummi Island is contrary to the prevailing consensus that the DMF is not offset. [138] It arises from the contrast between the denser and more magnetic basalt of the Crescent Formation that has been uplifted to the east, and the glacial sediments that have filled the Dewatto basin to the west. And though the faults in this area are not notably seismogenic, the southeast striking faults seem to be en echelon with the Olympia structure (fault? It is coincident with, and possibly a result of uplift on, the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone (RMFZ), a band of at least eleven faults that show both dip-slip (vertical) and right-lateral strike-slip motion. Deep quakes are the most common large earthquakes that occur in the Puget Sound region. Whether the faulting continues eastward is not yet determined. [68] Both of these faults (and some others) appear to terminate against the left-lateral Sultan River Fault at the western margin of the NNE-striking Cherry Creek Fault Zone (CCFZ; see next section). Plot. One animation shows the expected path of a Puget Sound tsunami generated by a quake on the Seattle Fault. Kinematic analysis suggests that if shortening (compression) in the Puget Lowland is directed to the northeast (i.e., parallel to Hood Canal and the Saddle Mountain deformation zone) and thus oblique to the Dewatto lineament, it should be subject to both strike-slip and dip-slip forces, implying a fault. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puget_Sound_faults&oldid=1132982136, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, A great subduction earthquake, such as the. [87], Rattlesnake Mountain is a prominent NNW trending ridge just west of North Bend (about 25 miles east of Seattle). 112 earthquakes in the past 365 days. (2001),[111] relying on seismic tomography data from the "Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound" (SHIPS) experiment, retains the thrusting slab and master ramp concepts, but interprets the Tacoma fault as a reverse fault (or back thrust) that dips north towards the south dipping Seattle fault (see diagram); as a result the Seattle Uplift is being popped up like a horst. The DotySalzer Creek Fault does not fully fit the regional pattern of basins and uplifts bounded by faults described above. It appears that the Seattle Uplift is acting as a rigid block, with the Tacoma, Dewatto, and Seattle faults being the southern, western, and northern faces. And since those models for the Seattle Fault were published, there've actually been many more Puget Sound faults discovered. Interpretation of the eastern part of the Tacoma Fault is not entirely settled. The SE striking Scammon Creek Fault seems to be terminated by the Salzer Creek Fault (the exact relationship is not clear), with the latter continuing east for another seven miles. The Seattle uplift, and possibly the Black Hills uplift, consist of Crescent Formation basalt that was exposed when it was forced up a ramp of some kind. Some upper-crustal formations (such as the Western and Eastern Melange Belts, see, There is a general north or northeast directed compression within the Lowland causing folds, which eventually break to become, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 17:28. [59] Another study identified an unusually broad band of scarps passing between Bothell and Snohomish, with several scarps in the vicinity of King County's controversial Brightwater regional sewage treatment plant showing at least four and possibly nine events on the SWIF in the last 16,400 years. ), Aeromagnetic mapping in 1999 showed a very prominent anomaly[172] (such as typically indicates a contrast of rock type); that, along with paleoseismological evidence of a major Holocene earthquake, has led to a suggestion that this structure "may be associated with faulting". Extensive research has since shown the Seattle Fault to be part of a regional system of faults . It appears the entire DDMFZ and Leech River fault system was pushed onto the early continental margin from an original alignment along the OWL. Harold Tobin, a researcher at the University of Washington and director of the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, says the fault line that caused earthquake that shook southern Turkey near the Turkish-Syrian border and killed more than 7,000 people is similar to the faults under Puget Sound. and Fault Location. . 1 - 10 of 77 American Spirit Cruise Reviews. Seismic tomography studies show a change in seismic velocities across the northern end of the SWIF, suggesting that this is also part of the Coast RangeCascade contact. According to the recent seismological studies, the Seattle Fault is believed to be a zone of thrust or reverse faults that strikes through Seattle in the densely populated Puget Lowland of western Washington (Johnson et al., 1999). Combined with continued aggressive electric conservation efforts, Energize . Although the southwest striking Canyon River Fault is not seen to directly connect with the Saddle Mountain faults, they are in general alignment, and both occur in a similar context of Miocene faulting (where Crescent Formation strata has been uplifted by the Olympics) and a linear aeromagnetic anomaly. South of the OWL a definite eastern boundary has not been found, with some indications it is indefinite. The last large event was in 1700, but there is a 37 percent chance of an 7.1+ in the next 50 years. The Seattle Fault is a zone of complex thrust and reverse faults between lines E and F on the map up to 7km wide and over 70km long that delineates the north edge of the Seattle Uplift. [52], Subsequent mapping shows the SWIF wrapping around the eastern end of the Seattle Basin to merge with the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone (RMFZ); the RMFZ, despite the approximately 15 bend and different context, is now believed to be the southern extension of the SWIF. Most people in the United States know just one fault line by name: the San Andreas, which runs nearly the length of California and is perpetually rumored to be on the verge of unleashing "the. There are some interesting relationships here. Part of the Snohomish River Delta between Everett and Marysville could get nearly 6 feet, and Seattle's Harbor Island could be inundated with nearly 4 feet of water. [116] Subsequent authors were confident enough to trace the fault west of Bremerton to just north of Green Mountain (the northwestern corner of the Blue Hills uplift see "E" on the map a topographically prominent exposure of uplifted basalt) and just short of Hood Canal;[117] but reluctant to map the fault further west as the distinctive aeromagnetic lineament used to locate the Seattle Fault dies out just west of Bremerton. Mapping from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network shows that the bulk of the earthquakes in western Washington are concentrated in four places: in two narrow zones under Mt. Let's make your home safer [62] These ridges (part of a broader regional pattern that reflects the roots of the former Calkins Range[63]) are formed of sediments that collected in the Everett basin during the Eocene, and were subsequently folded by northeast-directed compression against the older Cretaceous and Jurassic rock to the east that bound the Puget Lowland.