Those who hold this view either believe that the anonymous author(s) deliberately sought to mislead, in which case the cynic is accusing them of dishonesty, or that the compilers of the final version were dishonest in putting together with a work of the true Isaiah (chapters 1-39) a work which could not have been clearly the work of Isaiah, seeing as, according to the cynics' theory, it was anonymous. However, I do believe that all that is in the book originated with Isaiah and probably that his disciples then were the ones who collected what he said and commented on and put it in its present form. Dr. If you are going to dismiss those folks as "cynics", I'd like to see some backup for that. I know what the exile could mean. Match. Why? Many of them prospered quite nicely thank you very much in Babylon. and bring down as fugitives all the Babylonians, Fascinating. 3 Reasons Why You Should (Re)consider the Doctrine of Justification. An anonym. And some of your descendants, your own flesh and blood who will be born to you, will be taken away, and they will become eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon. Isaiah 39:57. I am the Lord, your Holy One, Does ZnSO4 + H2 at high pressure reverses to Zn + H2SO4? Collection one, with an emphasis upon prophecies of judgment (chapters 135), Collection two, with significance, placed on promises of redemption (chapters 4266). I have a brother, and we were both adopted pretty much at birth, although we're not biologically related. The question is "Why would any editor/redactor place this passage by some future anonymous prophet in this part of the book"? Match. Reasonable difficulties also meet to accept the fact that a prophet could know precisely the name of the Persian king Cyrus who, almost two centuries later, would liberate Israel from the Babylonian captivity. The central theme of the Deutero Isaiah is that of the consolation of Israel and of the return home of the exiles, after the Assyrian deportations, begun at the time of Sargon II with the fall of Samaria (722 BC). There is the prophesies of the book of Daniel and Isaiah, there's some in Jeremiah and one in Micah saying where the Saviour would be born, but, when it comes to detailed accurate prophesies, there are not so many. Isaiah 53. in Hebrew is also rendered Tartan in the JPS version or, Oh. I am the Lord, who made all things, 35:6 and 41:18; According to 3 Ne. The historian Herodotus does mention one of the attacks of Sennacherib as it affected Egypt (Herodotus Book 2, Chapter 141): Sennacherib was the king after Sargon, but he nowhere mentions Sargon (- this Sargon is not to be confused with Sargon the Great, who was many centuries earlier). 3) Then also, the manner of describing the year in Isaiah 20:1 is suitable for the age in which Isaiah was written. ", It is not a prophesy as it was written in the past tense. FUCK ME NOW. It enveloped them in flames, yet they did not understand; Haggai and Zechariah write about the period 525 to 515 BC, Malachi is some time after the Captivity, probably about 430 BC, Ezra is writing about the events of the whole period from 539 BC to very roughly 430 BC, Nehemiah is writing about the period 445 to 430 BC. For your sake I will send to Babylon 35:8 and 40:3; Story of Esther, (535 BC: First portion of Ezra; 515 BC: Second portion of Ezra and Haggai and Zecharia; Joel possibly some time later; 474 BC: Esther; 450 BC: Remainder of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Malachi. For 53:1 the author of John's Gospel tells us that it was that which Isaiah spake, and for 6:10 and 6:1 the author tells us that Isaiah said again. What is the point of Thrower's Bandolier? The theme of returning home is clearly present, not only in Deutero and in the Isaiah Tritus, but also and especially in Proto-Isaiah. Scholars generally accept that the Book of Isaiah was at least partially written by the prophet Isaiah, during the eighth century BC. Because Isaiah 40-66 contains Chapter 53, one of the most breathtaking prophecies in the whole of the Old Testament. It was not done just to impress: the prediction was given so that the Jews would not return to Baal or Molech or to their idols, but they would return to the Lord their God. Most significantly there are three prisms in which Sennacharib relates his attacks on Judaea from 704 to 681 BC (Google "Sennacharib's Annals"). What then are we to make of the repeated condemnations of the worship of graven images and of idolatry in 40-66? Of whom is Isaiah writing? and Israel to the plunderers? Batch split images vertically in half, sequentially numbering the output files. Replacing broken pins/legs on a DIP IC package. Isaiah 20:1 is key in its reference to Sargon. against whom we have sinned? Sargon II, subdued by the Hittites, defeated the Egyptians in Rafia and overthrown the reign of Urartu, managed to keep Babylon and the Medes under control during the whole period of his reign, while Sennacherib brutally destroyed it (689), after having done of Nineveh the first city of the empire and having in vain besieged Jerusalem (701). "If this were true, then it's a miracle. Is there any evidence of arachnophobia in ancient history? What evidence is there that Jesus went to India? In Daniel and Ezra there are whole passages in Aramaic because it was the lingua franca both in the time of Daniel and in the time of Ezra. He turns them to dust(J) with his sword, The Achaemenid kings are well documented historically. The following passages are examples of those passages which describe the gross sins before the Babylonian Captivity: Jeremiah 7:31 & 19:5, 2 Kings 16:3, 21:6-16; 23:26, 24:3-4; 2 Chronicles 28:3, 33:1-19. Exile in Babylon Babylonian Empire: 1984 BC 539 BC Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon: 605 BC 562 BC Your offences, and the offences of your fathers together, saith Jehovah, that they have burned incense upon the mountains, and insulted me upon the hills, and I measure their reward first of all into their bosom." Place or time information is completely missing. Alexander the Great, recognizing himself as the object of the vaticination, dismissed the crowd full of joy and promised to Israel any gift he had been asked (Flavius Joseph, Jewish Antiquities, XI, 37). In Isaiah 45.1, many copies of the Septuagint translated " " (T christ mou Kur) and the Christians read "to Christ my Lord" (instead of Cyrus, my anointed) by equivocating on the word which in Greek he also means Lord, but in the Hebrew revisions of the IV century after Christ it was probably Koresh, proper name of King Cyrus. and cut through the bars of iron, Portions of 4055 really were written before the exile. Terms in this set (61) Isaiah, written? @Henry - Indeed. @user438 The hypothesis that prophecies generally don't work isn't assumed totally. So we are already in the final phase of the Babylonian exile, a good two hundred years after the original Isaiah. that you may know that it is I, the Lord, The Great Isaiah Scroll, containing Isaiah Chapter 53, is dated to about 125 BC, over 100 years before the time of Christ: 53 Who hath believed our report? Born in Jerusalem, Israel, he was said to have found his calling as a prophet when he saw a vision in the year of King Uzziahs death. You have hundreds. prophecy of Jonah[1] during the time of Babylonian captivity, though dating of the book ranges from the 6th to the late 3rd century BC. Daniel served in the royal court of Nebuchadnezzar and several rulers who followed Nebuchadnezzar. "Considers" on what basis? On the possibility of equivocating the proper name "Kyros" with the common names "Kyros" and "Kyrios" only Jerome dwelled, who narrated how numerous Fathers and many Greek and Latin translations had mistakenly attributed to Christ the prophecies concerning Cyrus, confusing the proper name "Ciro" with the term "Lord". "The oracle concerning Babylon which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw." The name of Cyrus (Kyros in Greek and Koroush in ancient Persian) was used by some Indo-European rulers, such as Cyrus I, founder of the Acmenid dynasty, king of Ansan, and grandfather of Cyrus II the great and it is not unlikely that such name o the title was already widespread in the Medes, Persians and Elamites. Who would care at all for these writings if that was how they were produced? and brought to a final form by such careless production processes as modern scholars claim? Do we know the reason it was written in poetic form? that she has received from the Lords hand Was it not the Lord, Born and raised in Portland, Oregon, I'm half Italian, half African-American. Yet The Book of Isaiah in Chapters 44 and 45 speaks of Cyrus in no uncertain terms: Who is saying of Cyrus, My shepherd, And all my delight He doth Scholars generally divide Isaiah into three distinct sections based on the changes in the timeline, assuming that there were at least three authors. Your anthology point is key here. Indeed, on the contrary, it is likely that there were quite a few written sources he could have used for information on the Persian empire that have since been lost. 2 I will go before you ), during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, and Manasseh of the Southern Kingdom of Judah.. to subdue nations before him You may unsubscribe from these email communications at any time. These show that where the original document was written anonymously different theories begin to emerge as to who wrote it. One of his predictions was about the city Babylon. In this passage, the first quote is from Isaiah 53:1, the second is from Isaiah 6:10 and the third is from Isaiah 6:1. Vaticinium ex eventu is a form of hindsight bias. And in Isaiah 43, the Jews seem to be in Babylon: This is what the Lord says 4 Who has done this and carried it through, The book of Isaiah was probably one of the best discoveries in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Interestingly, the Great Isaiah Scroll has no gap in the scroll between the end of chapter 39 and the start of chapter 40. Most remarkable, however, are the prophecies of Isaiah delivered a century before Babylon had risen to power and recorded at a time when Babylon was still in obscurity with no indication of its coming greatness. What kind of evidence (if any) could be used to identify a large conquest in the time before writing? Is everyone a gullible fool except the modern scholar? Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. The second extant manuscript containing speculation is Miniscule 81 from the 11th century which claims. Therefore they could not believe, because that Esaias said again, He Why do small African island nations perform better than African continental nations, considering democracy and human development? After the Jews returned from captivity in the days of Cyrus there was no such gross idolatry. My next question is if the book of Isaiah came about in the way that modern scholars say that it did, with redactors adding portions such as passages about Cyrus after the event it pretends to predict then "Where are all the other books of prophecy"? This fits with the timeline of chapters 139, where the Babylonian captivity clearly hasnt taken place yet. R.N. The opening passage of Isaiah 40 suggests Israels sin has already been paid for: Comfort, comfort my people, Every book of prophecy in the Old Testament has the name of the prophet who gave it. and 532 B.C. 1. Timeline of Jeremiah / Daniel / Ezekiel Kings of Judah Date Ref Josiah 640 BC 2 Kg 22:1 - 23:30 5, 6 Josiah was 8yr old when he was made king and reigned 31 years 2 Ch 34 - 35 627 BC Jer 1 1 God calls Jeremiah to be prophet in Judah. Such a belief is cynical, attributing to either the original author or the compilers of the final version a dishonest purpose - to try to produce a document which looks as if the Isaiah of 700 BC was predicting the name of a man who became king of Persia 559 BC and fulfilled some of the prophecy around 539 BC, namely Cyrus. Thou art founded. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Don't see "proof" one way or the other. Passages from both collections are recorded by various Book of Mormon writers" For example:-, I am the Lord: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images. And thou wentest to the king with ointment, and didst increase thy perfumes, and didst send thy messengers far off, and didst debase thyself even unto hell. Best Known For: Isaiah was best known as the Hebrew prophet who predicted the coming of Jesus Christ to salvage mankind from sin. what animals eat kangaroo paws in the savanna . If Chapter 53 could be prophesied by a prophet could not the very same prophet have predicted a deliverer by name, i.e. wensleydale cheese sauce. best preserved of all the biblical scrolls, and the only one that is @FelixGoldberg That he didn't have independent sources is itself an assumption, and not a very well supported one. 1 Chronicles 16:30 (KJV) . Scholars believe that the prophet Isaiah was a real, historical person who lived during the eighth century, when many of the events recorded in Isaiah historically took place. That the book of Isaiah was written by a single author and way before the time of Cyrus might have been believed at the time the caves of Qumran were filled with scrolls. Isaiah, son of Amoz ('First Isaiah') wrote chapters 1-39, apart from numerous subsequent additions and alterations. Isaiahs writings divide easily into two main collections or books of prophecies: The Two books are written almost entirely in Hebrew poetry and they are joined by a few historical chapters(3639) written mostly inprose. A. The book of Malachi contains a list of sins into which his [Malachi's] But that is not the half of it: the Jews were not very mistreated while in Babylonian "captivity". However, One thing that I notice lacking in your answer is the references. your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: Your form could not be submitted. And you are right about two things: 1. the etymology and prior usage of the word, 2. comments are not for prolonged discussions (although this one was nice). "Modern scholarship considers" is an evasion. Cyrus (580-529 BC) was the first Achaemenid Emperor, Who says Jesus couldnt predict the fall of Jerusalem, judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/31318/, skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/17871/, Its Difficult to Make Predictions, Especially About the Future, http://biblechronologybooks.com/scientificmethod.html, http://biblechronologybooks.com/hebrewkings.html, http://www.chabad.org/parshah/article_cdo/aid/579794/jewish/Haftorah-in-a-Nutshell.htm, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. The book of Obadiah has only 21 verses yet we are told who wrote them. In Cave One of Qumran, archaeologists found a complete 24-foot-long scroll of Isaiah, which contained all 66 chapters of the book. (B) :-). The inclusion of "Koresh" by the Jewish revisions of the first centuries of the vulgar era could therefore depend on the fact that the Greek "Kyros": a) it was also the almost providential translation of Ciro's proper name; b) had had a special effect on the Persian emperor when he read, probably in Greek, the prophecies of Isaiah; c) could very well be retranslated with the proper name "Koresh" without falsifying the sacred text, thus blocking the passage above all to the Christians who identified Jesus Christ with the "Christ Lord" of the Seventy. The Persian king Cyrus, enlightened sovereign and lover of art and culture, almost certainly knew parts of the book of Isaiah in some ancient language and, according to the authoritative testimony of the historian Flavius Joseph, he read the prophecies concerning him astonished, he meditated for a long time on these and matured the decision to free the Jewish people from the Babylonian captivity (Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, XI, 5-7), perhaps grateful to the God of the Jews for so much honor received (Josephus, The Jewish War, V, 389) . . The passages in question are Isaiah 44 and 45, which is in the middle of the so called. 8 He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? . There are also those who think that the divine inspiration would have glimpsed the sacred author only a generic king of the Persians, menacing people already settled in the North and East of Mesopotamia in the time of King Hezekiah (the first historical mention of the Media and Persia dates back to 835 BC: in the annals of Salmanassar III it is said, in fact, that the Assyrian king received the tribute from the king of Persia and reached the regions of Media on Lake Urmia). It is assumed that Isaiah arranged his writings into their present order, although a scribe or disciple may have done so. Babylon was one of the most important cities of the Assyrian empire (with Kalash, Assur and Ninive), so that Tigat Pileser III, after having conquered Syria and destroyed Damascus (732), assumed the title of king of Babylon with the name of Pulu (729). whose right hand I have grasped, This was the time between the first victories of Cyrus, which gave an indication of the collapse of the Babylonian empire, and the liberation edict of 538 BC, which then allowed the Israelites to return to Palestine, that is to Yehud. Those interested in this can search for "Eponym Dating System" in google. I recommend the book to all. When God had a message for the people, He spoke to them through prophets: men moved by the Holy Spirit to speak on God's behalf. and of the temple, Your foundation shall be laid. v28. which is a clear case of going beyond what is written in the Scripture, (though I must stress that these titles are not in the inspired Scripture text itself, they merely introduce the Scripture.) Summary of the Book of Isaiah Author: Isaiah 1:1 identifies the author of the book of Isaiah as the Prophet Isaiah. This conviction would have proved to be of considerable use to the Jewish people, exiled to Babylon two centuries later, helping to propitiate the favors of the new sovereign. He would have told us about them then, the way he mentioned Nicolaus of Damascus for a later period. In chapter 56, Isaiah jumps ahead again, to a time when the second temple is at least under construction. When Cyrus issued his decree for them to return the Jews knew that the prophets of Baal and Molech had never predicted these things, but Isaiah, the prophet of the LORD God of their forefathers, had. Isaiah, called the prince of the prophets, wrote with exceptional beauty and imagery. Behind the doors also and the posts hast thou set up thy remembrance: for thou hast discovered thyself to another than me, and art gone up; thou hast enlarged thy bed, and made thee a covenant with them; thou lovedst their bed where thou sawest it. (Isaiah 50:11). In Isaiah. 2) As another contributor has already said, the mention of the Assyrian king "Sargon" is also witness that Isaiah 1-39 was written early, because Sargon was unknown to history, including Herodotus, until his palace was discovered in the nineteenth century. the God of Israel, who call you by your name. the worship of graven images there was unknown. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be acquitted of everything despite serious evidence? Wilson (1928). Finally, (For more info on the progress of languages in the period then there is the work "Empires of the Word [not world!
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